CVEs from 2016

8,436 normalized CVEs published or assigned in this year.

Total
8,436
critical
critical 1,165
high
high 3,521
medium
medium 3,172
low
low 248
% Critical
13.8%
% with KEV
0.7%
% with exploit
6.8%

Top vendors

Top products

  • phpmyadmin 3,382
  • php 1,748
  • squid 1,549
  • samba 1,093
  • drupal 868
  • firefox 757
  • moodle 700
  • openssl 664
0
KEVHas exploit
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CVE Severity CVSS Risk Flags OS Vendor Published Description
CVE-2016-7799 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago MagickCore/profile.c in ImageMagick before 7.0.3-2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via a crafted file.
CVE-2016-7101 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago The SGI coder in ImageMagick before 7.0.2-10 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via a large row value in an sgi file.
CVE-2016-9813 medium 5.5 6.5 10y ago The _parse_pat function in the mpegts parser in GStreamer before 1.10.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) via a crafted file.
CVE-2016-9310 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago The control mode (mode 6) functionality in ntpd in NTP before 4.2.8p9 allows remote attackers to set or unset traps via a crafted control mode packet.
CVE-2016-1549 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A malicious authenticated peer can create arbitrarily-many ephemeral associations in order to win the clock selection algorithm in ntpd in NTP 4.2.8p4 and earlier and NTPsec 3e160db8dc248a0bcb053b56a…
CVE-2016-6595 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago The SwarmKit toolkit 1.12.0 for Docker allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (prevention of cluster joins) via a long sequence of join and quit actions. NOTE: the vendor dis…
CVE-2016-10106 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Directory traversal vulnerability in scgi-bin/platform.cgi on NETGEAR FVS336Gv3, FVS318N, FVS318Gv2, and SRX5308 devices with firmware before 4.3.3-8 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitra…
CVE-2016-9916 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Memory leak in hw/9pfs/9p-proxy.c in QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) allows local privileged guest OS users to cause a denial of service (host memory consumption and possibly QEMU process crash) by leverag…
CVE-2016-9915 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Memory leak in hw/9pfs/9p-handle.c in QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) allows local privileged guest OS users to cause a denial of service (host memory consumption and possibly QEMU process crash) by levera…
CVE-2016-9914 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Memory leak in hw/9pfs/9p.c in QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) allows local privileged guest OS users to cause a denial of service (host memory consumption and possibly QEMU process crash) by leveraging a …
CVE-2016-9913 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Memory leak in the v9fs_device_unrealize_common function in hw/9pfs/9p.c in QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) allows local privileged guest OS users to cause a denial of service (host memory consumption and …
CVE-2016-9846 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) built with the Virtio GPU Device emulator support is vulnerable to a memory leakage issue. It could occur while updating the cursor data in update_cursor_data_virgl. A guest…
CVE-2016-9845 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago QEMU (aka Quick Emulator) built with the Virtio GPU Device emulator support is vulnerable to an information leakage issue. It could occur while processing 'VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSET_INFO' command. A …
CVE-2016-9224 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A vulnerability in the Cisco Jabber Guest Server could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to initiate connections to arbitrary hosts. More Information: CSCvc31635. Known Affected Releases: 10.…
CVE-2016-9921 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Quick emulator (Qemu) built with the Cirrus CLGD 54xx VGA Emulator support is vulnerable to a divide by zero issue. It could occur while copying VGA data when cirrus graphics mode was set to be VGA. …
CVE-2016-9912 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Quick Emulator (Qemu) built with the Virtio GPU Device emulator support is vulnerable to a memory leakage issue. It could occur while destroying gpu resource object in 'virtio_gpu_resource_destroy'. …
CVE-2016-9911 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Quick Emulator (Qemu) built with the USB EHCI Emulation support is vulnerable to a memory leakage issue. It could occur while processing packet data in 'ehci_init_transfer'. A guest user/process coul…
CVE-2016-9907 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Quick Emulator (Qemu) built with the USB redirector usb-guest support is vulnerable to a memory leakage flaw. It could occur while destroying the USB redirector in 'usbredir_handle_destroy'. A guest …
CVE-2016-7968 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago KMail since version 5.3.0 used a QWebEngine based viewer that had JavaScript enabled. HTML Mail contents were not sanitized for JavaScript and included code was executed.
CVE-2016-7257 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago The GDI component in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Office for Mac 2011, and Office 2016 for Mac allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive informati…
CVE-2016-5192 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago multiple issues in chromium
CVE-2016-5189 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago multiple issues in chromium
CVE-2016-5187 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago multiple issues in chromium
CVE-2016-8827 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago NVIDIA GeForce Experience 3.x before GFE 3.1.0.52 contains a vulnerability in NVIDIA Web Helper.exe where a local web API endpoint, /VisualOPS/v.1.0./, lacks proper access control and parameter valid…
CVE-2016-9964 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago redirect() in bottle.py in bottle 0.12.10 doesn't filter a "\r\n" sequence, which leads to a CRLF attack, as demonstrated by a redirect("233\r\nSet-Cookie: name=salt") call.
CVE-2016-9208 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A vulnerability in the File Management Utility, the Download File form, and the Serviceability application of Cisco Emergency Responder could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to access files i…
CVE-2016-9207 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A vulnerability in the HTTP traffic server component of Cisco Expressway could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to initiate TCP connections to arbitrary hosts. This does not allow for full t…
CVE-2016-9204 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A vulnerability in the Cisco Intercloud Fabric (ICF) Director could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to connect to internal services with an internal account. Affected Products: Cisco Nexus …
CVE-2016-9199 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A vulnerability in the Cisco application-hosting framework (CAF) of Cisco IOx could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to read arbitrary files on a targeted system. Affected Products: This vulne…
CVE-2016-6473 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A vulnerability in Cisco IOS on Catalyst Switches and Nexus 9300 Series Switches could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a Layer 2 network storm. More Information: CSCuu69332, CSCu…
CVE-2016-6471 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Firepower Management Center running FireSIGHT System software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to view the Remote Storage P…
CVE-2016-9633 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop and resource consumption) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9632 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (global buffer overflow and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9631 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9630 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (global buffer overflow and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9629 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9628 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9627 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap buffer overflow and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9626 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. Infinite recursion vulnerability in w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9625 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. Infinite recursion vulnerability in w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9624 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9623 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9622 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-33. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9443 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9442 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause memory corruption in certain conditions via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9441 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9440 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9439 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. Infinite recursion vulnerability in w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9438 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9437 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) and possibly memory corruption via a…
CVE-2016-9434 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9433 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9432 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption, segmentation fault, and crash) via a crafted HT…
CVE-2016-9431 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. Infinite recursion vulnerability in w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-9430 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault and crash) via a crafted HTML page.
CVE-2016-6630 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in phpMyAdmin. An authenticated user can trigger a denial-of-service (DoS) attack by entering a very long password at the change password dialog. All 4.6.x versions (prior to …
CVE-2016-6623 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in phpMyAdmin. An authorized user can cause a denial-of-service (DoS) attack on a server by passing large values to a loop. All 4.6.x versions (prior to 4.6.4), 4.4.x versions…
CVE-2016-6618 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago phpMyAdmin Denial of service (DOS) attack in transformation feature
CVE-2016-6612 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago An issue was discovered in phpMyAdmin. A user can exploit the LOAD LOCAL INFILE functionality to expose files on the server to the database system. All 4.6.x versions (prior to 4.6.4), 4.4.x versions…
CVE-2016-3044 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago The Linux kernel component in IBM PowerKVM 2.1 before 2.1.1.3-65.10 and 3.1 before 3.1.0.2 allows guest OS users to cause a denial of service (host OS infinite loop and hang) via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2016-2881 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago IBM QRadar SIEM 7.1 before MR2 Patch 13 and 7.2 before 7.2.7 and QRadar Incident Forensics 7.2 before 7.2.7 allow remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via modified request paramete…
CVE-2016-2950 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago SQL injection vulnerability in IBM BigFix Remote Control before 9.1.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2016-2937 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago IBM BigFix Remote Control before 9.1.3 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or spoof e-mail transmission via a crafted POST request, related to an "untrusted information vulnerabil…
CVE-2016-5765 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Administrative Server in Micro Focus Host Access Management and Security Server (MSS) and Reflection for the Web (RWeb) and Reflection Security Gateway (RSG) and Reflection ZFE (ZFE) allows remote un…
CVE-2016-0317 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Lifecycle Query Engine (LQE) in IBM Jazz Reporting Service 6.0 and 6.0.1 before 6.0.1 iFix006 allows remote attackers to conduct clickjacking attacks via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2016-9452 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Drupal Denial of service via transliterate mechanism
CVE-2016-2996 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago IBM Security Privileged Identity Manager 2.0 before 2.0.2 FP8, when Virtual Appliance is used, allows remote authenticated users to append to arbitrary files via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2016-9149 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago The Addresses Object parser in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS before 5.0.20, 5.1.x before 5.1.13, 6.0.x before 6.0.15, 6.1.x before 6.1.15, 7.0.x before 7.0.11, and 7.1.x before 7.1.6 mishandles single qu…
CVE-2016-6457 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A vulnerability in the Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Platform Leaf Switches for Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS)…
CVE-2016-7252 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Microsoft SQL Server 2016 mishandles the FILESTREAM path, which allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors, aka "SQL Analysis Services Information Disclosure Vulnera…
CVE-2016-7233 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Microsoft Word 2007, Office 2010 SP2, Word 2010 SP2, Word for Mac 2011, Excel for Mac 2011, Word Viewer, Office Compatibility Pack SP3, Word Automation Services on SharePoint Server 2013 SP1, and Off…
CVE-2016-7216 medium 5.5 6.5 10y ago The kernel API in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 mishandles permissions, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka…
CVE-2016-7210 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago atmfd.dll in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows 10 Gold, 1511, and 1607, and Windows…
CVE-2016-7386 medium 5.5 6.5 10y ago For the NVIDIA Quadro, NVS, and GeForce products, NVIDIA Windows GPU Display Driver R340 before 342.00 and R375 before 375.63 contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer (nvlddmkm.sys) handler …
CVE-2016-6454 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago A cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the web interface of the Cisco Hosted Collaboration Mediation Fulfillment application could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute u…
CVE-2016-9086 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago GitLab versions 8.9.x and above contain a critical security flaw in the "import/export project" feature of GitLab. Added in GitLab 8.9, this feature allows a user to export and then re-import their p…
CVE-2016-8879 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago The thumbnail shell extension plugin (FoxitThumbnailHndlr_x86.dll) in Foxit Reader and PhantomPDF before 8.1 on Windows allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds write and a…
CVE-2016-7965 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago DokuWiki 2016-06-26a and older uses $_SERVER[HTTP_HOST] instead of the baseurl setting as part of the password-reset URL. This can lead to phishing attacks. (A remote unauthenticated attacker can cha…
CVE-2016-9117 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago NULL Pointer Access in function imagetopnm of convert.c(jp2):1289 in OpenJPEG 2.1.2. Impact is Denial of Service. Someone must open a crafted j2k file.
CVE-2016-9116 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago NULL Pointer Access in function imagetopnm of convert.c:2226(jp2) in OpenJPEG 2.1.2. Impact is Denial of Service. Someone must open a crafted j2k file.
CVE-2016-9115 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Heap Buffer Over-read in function imagetotga of convert.c(jp2):942 in OpenJPEG 2.1.2. Impact is Denial of Service. Someone must open a crafted j2k file.
CVE-2016-4394 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago HPE System Management Homepage before v7.6 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors, related to an "HSTS" issue.
CVE-2016-9018 medium 5.5 6.5 10y ago Improper handling of a repeating VRAT chunk in qcpfformat.dll allows attackers to cause a Null pointer dereference and crash in RealNetworks RealPlayer 18.1.5.705 through a crafted .QCP media file.
CVE-2016-6440 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago The Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) may be vulnerable to data that can be displayed inside an iframe within a web page, which in turn could lead to a clickjacking attack. More Information…
CVE-2016-5627 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL 5.6.31 and earlier and 5.7.13 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via vectors related to Server: InnoDB.
CVE-2016-5626 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL 5.5.51 and earlier, 5.6.32 and earlier, and 5.7.14 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via vectors related to GIS.
CVE-2016-5624 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL 5.5.51 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via vectors related to DML.
CVE-2016-5612 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL 5.5.50 and earlier, 5.6.31 and earlier, and 5.7.13 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via vectors related to DML.
CVE-2016-5609 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL 5.6.31 and earlier and 5.7.13 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via vectors related to DML.
CVE-2016-5585 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Interaction Center Intelligence component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.1 through 12.1.3 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via …
CVE-2016-5571 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications DBA component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.3 and 12.2.3 through 12.2.6 allows remote administrators to affect confidentiality and integrity via…
CVE-2016-5570 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications DBA component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.2.3 through 12.2.6 allows remote administrators to affect confidentiality and integrity via vectors re…
CVE-2016-5567 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Applications DBA component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.3 and 12.2.3 through 12.2.6 allows remote administrators to affect confidentiality and integrity via…
CVE-2016-5534 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in the Siebel Apps - Customer Order Management component in Oracle Siebel CRM 16.1 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality via unknown vectors.
CVE-2016-5521 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 9.3.4 and 9.3.5 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors, …
CVE-2016-3492 medium 6.5 6.5 10y ago Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle MySQL 5.5.51 and earlier, 5.6.32 and earlier, and 5.7.14 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via vectors related to Server: Optimi…
CVE-2016-6828 medium 5.5 6.5 10y ago The tcp_check_send_head function in include/net/tcp.h in the Linux kernel before 4.7.5 does not properly maintain certain SACK state after a failed data copy, which allows local users to cause a deni…
CVE-2016-3209 medium 5.5 6.5 10y ago Graphics Device Interface (aka GDI or GDI+) in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2; Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1; Windows 7 SP1; Windows 8.1; Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2; Windows RT 8.1; Windows 10…
CVE-2016-0075 medium 5.5 6.5 10y ago The kernel in Microsoft Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold, 1511, and 1607 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application that makes an…
CVE-2016-0070 medium 5.5 6.5 10y ago The kernel in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold, 1511, and 1607 allows …