CVEs from 2018
Total
2,843
critical
critical 238
high
high 331
medium
medium 263
low
low 39
% Critical
8.4%
% with KEV
3.1%
% with exploit
9.1%
Top vendors
- intel 1,561
- schneider-electric 43
- siemens 42
- rockwellautomation 16
- echelon 15
- redhat 12
- oracle 9
- arm 9
Top products
- core_i7 379
- core_i5 375
- core_i3 242
- xeon_e5 82
- xeon_e7 62
- xeon_e3 58
- xeon_gold 33
- atom_z 30
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | Risk | Flags | OS | Vendor | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2018-14628 | unknown | — | — | — | An information leak vulnerability was discovered in Samba's LDAP server. Due to missing access control checks, an authenticated but unprivileged attacker could discover the names and preserved attrib… | |||
| CVE-2018-12375 | unknown | — | — | — | Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 61. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort that some of these could be exploited to run arbitrary code. T… | |||
| CVE-2018-5089 | unknown | — | — | — | Memory safety bugs were reported in Firefox 57 and Firefox ESR 52.5. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort that some of these could be exploit… | |||
| CVE-2018-10120 | unknown | — | — | — | The SwCTBWrapper::Read function in sw/source/filter/ww8/ww8toolbar.cxx in LibreOffice before 5.4.6.1 and 6.x before 6.0.2.1 does not validate a customizations index, which allows remote attackers to … | |||
| CVE-2018-5090 | unknown | — | — | — | Memory safety bugs were reported in Firefox 57. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort that some of these could be exploited to run arbitrary c… | |||
| CVE-2018-5095 | unknown | — | — | — | An integer overflow vulnerability in the Skia library when allocating memory for edge builders on some systems with at least 8 GB of RAM. This results in the use of uninitialized memory, resulting in… | |||
| CVE-2018-5094 | unknown | — | — | — | A heap buffer overflow vulnerability may occur in WebAssembly when "shrinkElements" is called followed by garbage collection on memory that is now uninitialized. This results in a potentially exploit… | |||
| CVE-2018-5097 | unknown | — | — | — | A use-after-free vulnerability can occur during XSL transformations when the source document for the transformation is manipulated by script content during the transformation. This results in a poten… | |||
| CVE-2018-14939 | unknown | — | — | — | The get_app_path function in desktop/unx/source/start.c in LibreOffice through 6.0.5 mishandles the realpath function in certain environments such as FreeBSD libc, which might allow attackers to caus… | |||
| CVE-2018-5138 | unknown | — | — | — | A spoofing vulnerability can occur when a malicious site with an extremely long domain name is opened in an Android Custom Tab (a browser panel inside another app) and the default browser is Firefox … | |||
| CVE-2018-5140 | unknown | — | — | — | Image for moz-icons can be accessed through the "moz-icon:" protocol through script in web content even when otherwise prohibited. This could allow for information leakage of which applications are a… | |||
| CVE-2018-5141 | unknown | — | — | — | A vulnerability in the notifications Push API where notifications can be sent through service workers by web content without direct user interaction. This could be used to open new tabs in a denial o… | |||
| CVE-2018-5143 | unknown | — | — | — | URLs using "javascript:" have the protocol removed when pasted into the addressbar to protect users from cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, but if a tab character is embedded in the "javascript:" UR… | |||
| CVE-2018-7999 | unknown | — | — | — | In libgraphite2 in graphite2 1.3.11, a NULL pointer dereference vulnerability was found in Segment.cpp during a dumbRendering operation, which may allow attackers to cause a denial of service or poss… | |||
| CVE-2018-0501 | unknown | — | — | — | The mirror:// method implementation in Advanced Package Tool (APT) 1.6.x before 1.6.4 and 1.7.x before 1.7.0~alpha3 mishandles gpg signature verification for the InRelease file of a fallback mirror, … | |||
| CVE-2018-1049 | unknown | — | — | — | In systemd prior to 234 a race condition exists between .mount and .automount units such that automount requests from kernel may not be serviced by systemd resulting in kernel holding the mountpoint … | |||
| CVE-2018-10878 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's ext4 filesystem. A local user can cause an out-of-bounds write and a denial of service or unspecified other impact is possible by mounting and operating a craft… | |||
| CVE-2018-10879 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's ext4 filesystem. A local user can cause a use-after-free in ext4_xattr_set_entry function and a denial of service or unspecified other impact may occur by renam… | |||
| CVE-2018-10882 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's ext4 filesystem. A local user can cause an out-of-bound write in in fs/jbd2/transaction.c code, a denial of service, and a system crash by unmounting a crafted … | |||
| CVE-2018-10880 | unknown | — | — | — | Linux kernel is vulnerable to a stack-out-of-bounds write in the ext4 filesystem code when mounting and writing to a crafted ext4 image in ext4_update_inline_data(). An attacker could use this to cau… | |||
| CVE-2018-10881 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's ext4 filesystem. A local user can cause an out-of-bound access in ext4_get_group_info function, a denial of service, and a system crash by mounting and operatin… | |||
| CVE-2018-10901 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in Linux kernel's KVM virtualization subsystem. The VMX code does not restore the GDT.LIMIT to the previous host value, but instead sets it to 64KB. With a corrupted GDT limit a host… | |||
| CVE-2018-10902 | unknown | — | — | — | It was found that the raw midi kernel driver does not protect against concurrent access which leads to a double realloc (double free) in snd_rawmidi_input_params() and snd_rawmidi_output_status() whi… | |||
| CVE-2018-1091 | unknown | — | — | — | In the flush_tmregs_to_thread function in arch/powerpc/kernel/ptrace.c in the Linux kernel before 4.13.5, a guest kernel crash can be triggered from unprivileged userspace during a core dump on a POW… | |||
| CVE-2018-10938 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the Linux kernel present since v4.0-rc1 and through v4.13-rc4. A crafted network packet sent remotely by an attacker may force the kernel to enter an infinite loop in the cipso_v4… | |||
| CVE-2018-10940 | unknown | — | — | — | The cdrom_ioctl_media_changed function in drivers/cdrom/cdrom.c in the Linux kernel before 4.16.6 allows local attackers to use a incorrect bounds check in the CDROM driver CDROM_MEDIA_CHANGED ioctl … | |||
| CVE-2018-1095 | unknown | — | — | — | The ext4_xattr_check_entries function in fs/ext4/xattr.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.15 does not properly validate xattr sizes, which causes misinterpretation of a size as an error code, and con… | |||
| CVE-2018-20836 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.20. There is a race condition in smp_task_timedout() and smp_task_done() in drivers/scsi/libsas/sas_expander.c, leading to a use-after-free. | |||
| CVE-2018-20856 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.18.7. In block/blk-core.c, there is an __blk_drain_queue() use-after-free because a certain error case is mishandled. | |||
| CVE-2018-20976 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in fs/xfs/xfs_super.c in the Linux kernel before 4.18. A use after free exists, related to xfs_fs_fill_super failure. | |||
| CVE-2018-5750 | unknown | — | — | — | The acpi_smbus_hc_add function in drivers/acpi/sbshc.c in the Linux kernel through 4.14.15 allows local users to obtain sensitive address information by reading dmesg data from an SBS HC printk call. | |||
| CVE-2018-5814 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux Kernel before version 4.16.11, 4.14.43, 4.9.102, and 4.4.133, multiple race condition errors when handling probe, disconnect, and rebind operations can be exploited to trigger a use-afte… | |||
| CVE-2018-5848 | unknown | — | — | — | In the function wmi_set_ie(), the length validation code does not handle unsigned integer overflow properly. As a result, a large value of the 'ie_len' argument can cause a buffer overflow in all And… | |||
| CVE-2018-5873 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the __ns_get_path function in fs/nsfs.c in the Linux kernel before 4.11. Due to a race condition when accessing files, a Use After Free condition can occur. This also affec… | |||
| CVE-2018-6412 | unknown | — | — | — | In the function sbusfb_ioctl_helper() in drivers/video/fbdev/sbuslib.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15, an integer signedness error allows arbitrary information leakage for the FBIOPUTCMAP_SPARC and… | |||
| CVE-2018-6555 | unknown | — | — | — | The irda_setsockopt function in net/irda/af_irda.c and later in drivers/staging/irda/net/af_irda.c in the Linux kernel before 4.17 allows local users to cause a denial of service (ias_object use-afte… | |||
| CVE-2018-6559 | unknown | — | — | — | The Linux kernel, as used in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Ubuntu 18.10, allows local users to obtain names of files in which they would not normally be able to access via an overlayfs mount inside of a user … | |||
| CVE-2018-7191 | unknown | — | — | — | In the tun subsystem in the Linux kernel before 4.13.14, dev_get_valid_name is not called before register_netdevice. This allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and… | |||
| CVE-2018-7755 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the fd_locked_ioctl function in drivers/block/floppy.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.7. The floppy driver will copy a kernel pointer to user memory in response to the FD… | |||
| CVE-2018-7754 | unknown | — | — | — | The aoedisk_debugfs_show function in drivers/block/aoe/aoeblk.c in the Linux kernel through 4.16.4rc4 allows local users to obtain sensitive address information by reading "ffree: " lines in a debugf… | |||
| CVE-2018-7566 | unknown | — | — | — | The Linux kernel 4.15 has a Buffer Overflow via an SNDRV_SEQ_IOCTL_SET_CLIENT_POOL ioctl write operation to /dev/snd/seq by a local user. | |||
| CVE-2018-7757 | unknown | — | — | — | Memory leak in the sas_smp_get_phy_events function in drivers/scsi/libsas/sas_expander.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.7 allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via ma… | |||
| CVE-2018-8043 | unknown | — | — | — | The unimac_mdio_probe function in drivers/net/phy/mdio-bcm-unimac.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.8 does not validate certain resource availability, which allows local users to cause a denial of s… | |||
| CVE-2018-1002209 | unknown | — | — | — | QuaZIP before 0.7.6 is vulnerable to directory traversal, allowing attackers to write to arbitrary files via a ../ (dot dot slash) in a Zip archive entry that is mishandled during extraction. This vu… | |||
| CVE-2018-10021 | unknown | — | — | — | drivers/scsi/libsas/sas_scsi_host.c in the Linux kernel before 4.16 allows local users to cause a denial of service (ata qc leak) by triggering certain failure conditions. NOTE: a third party dispute… | |||
| CVE-2018-1094 | unknown | — | — | — | The ext4_fill_super function in fs/ext4/super.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.15 does not always initialize the crc32c checksum driver, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service (ext4_xa… | |||
| CVE-2018-20021 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before commit c3115350eb8bb635d0fdb4dbbb0d0541f38ed19c contains a CWE-835: Infinite loop vulnerability in VNC client code. Vulnerability allows attacker to consume excessive amount of resource… | |||
| CVE-2018-20023 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before 8b06f835e259652b0ff026898014fc7297ade858 contains CWE-665: Improper Initialization vulnerability in VNC Repeater client code that allows attacker to read stack memory and can be abuse f… | |||
| CVE-2018-20748 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before 0.9.12 contains multiple heap out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities in libvncclient/rfbproto.c. The fix for CVE-2018-20019 was incomplete. | |||
| CVE-2018-4118 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4119 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4120 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4122 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4125 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4127 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4128 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4129 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4133 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Safari before 11.1 is affected. The issue involves the "WebKit" component. A Safari cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability allows remote attackers… | |||
| CVE-2018-4146 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4161 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4163 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4199 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-1000028 | unknown | — | — | — | Linux kernel version after commit bdcf0a423ea1 - 4.15-rc4+, 4.14.8+, 4.9.76+, 4.4.111+ contains a Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in NFS server (nfsd) that can result in remote users reading o… | |||
| CVE-2018-20449 | unknown | — | — | — | The hidma_chan_stats function in drivers/dma/qcom/hidma_dbg.c in the Linux kernel 4.14.90 allows local users to obtain sensitive address information by reading "callback=" lines in a debugfs file. | |||
| CVE-2018-20510 | unknown | — | — | — | The print_binder_transaction_ilocked function in drivers/android/binder.c in the Linux kernel 4.14.90 allows local users to obtain sensitive address information by reading "*from *code *flags" lines … | |||
| CVE-2018-20511 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.18.11. The ipddp_ioctl function in drivers/net/appletalk/ipddp.c allows local users to obtain sensitive kernel address information by leveraging C… | |||
| CVE-2018-3574 | unknown | — | — | — | In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, userspace can request ION cache maintenance on a secure ION buffer for which the ION_FLAG_S… | |||
| CVE-2018-20855 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.18.7. In create_qp_common in drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/qp.c, mlx5_ib_create_qp_resp was never initialized, resulting in a leak of stack memory to… | |||
| CVE-2018-21008 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.16.7. A use-after-free can be caused by the function rsi_mac80211_detach in the file drivers/net/wireless/rsi/rsi_91x_mac80211.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-20854 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.20. drivers/phy/mscc/phy-ocelot-serdes.c has an off-by-one error with a resultant ctrl->phys out-of-bounds read. | |||
| CVE-2018-20961 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 4.16.4, a double free vulnerability in the f_midi_set_alt function of drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c in the f_midi driver may allow attackers to cause a denial of ser… | |||
| CVE-2018-25020 | unknown | — | — | — | The BPF subsystem in the Linux kernel before 4.17 mishandles situations with a long jump over an instruction sequence where inner instructions require substantial expansions into multiple BPF instruc… | |||
| CVE-2018-3665 | unknown | — | — | — | System software utilizing Lazy FP state restore technique on systems using Intel Core-based microprocessors may potentially allow a local process to infer data from another process through a speculat… | |||
| CVE-2018-5703 | unknown | — | — | — | The tcp_v6_syn_recv_sock function in net/ipv6/tcp_ipv6.c in the Linux kernel through 4.14.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (slab out-of-bounds write) or possibly have unspecified othe… | |||
| CVE-2018-3693 | unknown | — | — | — | Systems with microprocessors utilizing speculative execution and branch prediction may allow unauthorized disclosure of information to an attacker with local user access via a speculative buffer over… | |||
| CVE-2018-5332 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel through 3.2, the rds_message_alloc_sgs() function does not validate a value that is used during DMA page allocation, leading to a heap-based out-of-bounds write (related to the rd… | |||
| CVE-2018-5344 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel through 4.14.13, drivers/block/loop.c mishandles lo_release serialization, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service (__lock_acquire use-after-free) or possibly have uns… | |||
| CVE-2018-20124 | unknown | — | — | — | hw/rdma/rdma_backend.c in QEMU allows guest OS users to trigger out-of-bounds access via a PvrdmaSqWqe ring element with a large num_sge value. | |||
| CVE-2018-14424 | unknown | — | — | — | The daemon in GDM through 3.29.1 does not properly unexport display objects from its D-Bus interface when they are destroyed, which allows a local attacker to trigger a use-after-free via a specially… | |||
| CVE-2018-16657 | unknown | — | — | — | In Kamailio before 5.0.7 and 5.1.x before 5.1.4, a crafted SIP message with an invalid Via header causes a segmentation fault and crashes Kamailio. The reason is missing input validation in the crcit… | |||
| CVE-2018-11624 | unknown | — | — | — | In ImageMagick 7.0.7-36 Q16, the ReadMATImage function in coders/mat.c allows attackers to cause a use after free via a crafted file. | |||
| CVE-2018-11251 | unknown | — | — | — | In ImageMagick 7.0.7-23 Q16 x86_64 2018-01-24, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in ReadSUNImage in coders/sun.c, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash in SetGra… | |||
| CVE-2018-14436 | unknown | — | — | — | ImageMagick 7.0.8-4 has a memory leak in ReadMIFFImage in coders/miff.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-11655 | unknown | — | — | — | In ImageMagick 7.0.7-20 Q16 x86_64, a memory leak vulnerability was found in the function GetImagePixelCache in MagickCore/cache.c, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted C… | |||
| CVE-2018-11656 | unknown | — | — | — | In ImageMagick 7.0.7-20 Q16 x86_64, a memory leak vulnerability was found in the function ReadDCMImage in coders/dcm.c, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted DCM image fil… | |||
| CVE-2018-12600 | unknown | — | — | — | In ImageMagick 7.0.8-3 Q16, ReadDIBImage and WriteDIBImage in coders/dib.c allow attackers to cause an out of bounds write via a crafted file. | |||
| CVE-2018-5248 | unknown | — | — | — | In ImageMagick 7.0.7-17 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in coders/sixel.c in the ReadSIXELImage function, related to the sixel_decode function. | |||
| CVE-2018-6930 | unknown | — | — | — | A stack-based buffer over-read in the ComputeResizeImage function in the MagickCore/accelerate.c file of ImageMagick 7.0.7-22 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (application crash)… | |||
| CVE-2018-7470 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in ImageMagick 7.0.7-22 Q16. The IsWEBPImageLossless function in coders/webp.c allows attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation violation) via a crafted file. | |||
| CVE-2018-8804 | unknown | — | — | — | WriteEPTImage in coders/ept.c in ImageMagick 7.0.7-25 Q16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (MagickCore/memory.c double free and application crash) or possibly have unspecified oth… | |||
| CVE-2018-8960 | unknown | — | — | — | The ReadTIFFImage function in coders/tiff.c in ImageMagick 7.0.7-26 Q16 does not properly restrict memory allocation, leading to a heap-based buffer over-read. | |||
| CVE-2018-21009 | unknown | — | — | — | Poppler before 0.66.0 has an integer overflow in Parser::makeStream in Parser.cc. | |||
| CVE-2018-12565 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in Linaro LAVA before 2018.5.post1. Because of use of yaml.load() instead of yaml.safe_load() when parsing user data, remote code execution can occur. | |||
| CVE-2018-12563 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in Linaro LAVA before 2018.5.post1. Because of support for file: URLs, a user can force lava-server-gunicorn to download any file from the filesystem if it's readable by lavas… | |||
| CVE-2018-12564 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in Linaro LAVA before 2018.5.post1. Because of support for URLs in the submit page, a user can forge an HTTP request that will force lava-server-gunicorn to return any file on… | |||
| CVE-2018-14567 | unknown | — | — | — | libxml2 2.9.8, if --with-lzma is used, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a crafted XML file that triggers LZMA_MEMLIMIT_ERROR, as demonstrated by xmllint, a dif… | |||
| CVE-2018-10360 | unknown | — | — | — | The do_core_note function in readelf.c in libmagic.a in file 5.33 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted ELF file. | |||
| CVE-2018-11489 | unknown | — | — | — | The DGifDecompressLine function in dgif_lib.c in GIFLIB (possibly version 3.0.x), as later shipped in cgif.c in sam2p 0.49.4, has a heap-based buffer overflow because a certain CrntCode array index i… | |||
| CVE-2018-11490 | unknown | — | — | — | The DGifDecompressLine function in dgif_lib.c in GIFLIB (possibly version 3.0.x), as later shipped in cgif.c in sam2p 0.49.4, has a heap-based buffer overflow because a certain "Private->RunningCode … | |||
| CVE-2018-12040 | unknown | — | — | — | Reflected Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the web profiler in SensioLabs Symfony 3.3.6 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the "file" parameter, aka an _pro… |