CVEs from 2018
Total
2,860
critical
critical 238
high
high 329
medium
medium 260
low
low 39
% Critical
8.3%
% with KEV
3.1%
% with exploit
9.1%
Top vendors
- intel 1,561
- schneider-electric 43
- siemens 42
- rockwellautomation 16
- echelon 15
- redhat 12
- oracle 9
- mitel 8
Top products
- core_i7 379
- core_i5 375
- core_i3 242
- xeon_e5 82
- xeon_e7 62
- xeon_e3 58
- xeon_gold 33
- atom_z 30
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | Risk | Flags | OS | Vendor | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2018-25422 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | MOGG web simulator Script contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands by injecting malicious code through the id parameter. Attacke… | |||
| CVE-2018-25420 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | AiOPMSD Final 1.0.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the 'id' parameter. Attackers ca… | |||
| CVE-2018-25419 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | AiOPMSD Final 1.0.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the genre parameter. Attackers c… | |||
| CVE-2018-25418 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | AiOPMSD Final 1.0.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the year parameter. Attackers ca… | |||
| CVE-2018-25417 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | AiOPMSD Final 1.0.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the quality parameter. Attackers… | |||
| CVE-2018-25416 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | AiOPMSD Final 1.0.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the country parameter. Attackers… | |||
| CVE-2018-25415 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | AiOPMSD Final 1.0.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the director parameter. Attacker… | |||
| CVE-2018-25414 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | AiOPMSD Final 1.0.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the actor parameter. Attackers c… | |||
| CVE-2018-25413 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | AiOPMSD Final 1.0.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the 'q' parameter. Attackers can… | |||
| CVE-2018-25411 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | MGB OpenSource Guestbook 0.7.0.2 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the 'id' parameter.… | |||
| CVE-2018-25407 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | eNdonesia Portal 8.7 contains multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities that allow unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through parameters in mod.php. A… | |||
| CVE-2018-25406 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | eNdonesia Portal 8.7 contains multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities that allow unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through parameters in mod.php. A… | |||
| CVE-2018-25405 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 6d ago | eNdonesia Portal 8.7 contains multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities that allow unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through parameters in mod.php. A… | |||
| CVE-2018-25404 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | The Open ISES Project 3.30A contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the ticket_id parameter.… | |||
| CVE-2018-25403 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | The Open ISES Project 3.30A contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the p1 parameter. Attack… | |||
| CVE-2018-25402 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | The Open ISES Project 3.30A contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the p1 parameter. Attack… | |||
| CVE-2018-25401 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | The Open ISES Project 3.30A contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the p1 parameter. Attack… | |||
| CVE-2018-25400 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | The Open ISES Project 3.30A contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the 'id' parameter. Atta… | |||
| CVE-2018-25399 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | The Open ISES Project 3.30A contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the tick_lat and tick_ln… | |||
| CVE-2018-25398 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | The Open ISES Project 3.30A contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the frm_passwd parameter… | |||
| CVE-2018-25395 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | Kados R10 GreenBee contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the feature_id parameter of board… | |||
| CVE-2018-25394 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | Kados R10 GreenBee contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the release_id parameter of board… | |||
| CVE-2018-25390 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | HaPe PKH 1.1 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the 'desa' POST parameter sent to lap-peserta-p… | |||
| CVE-2018-25389 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | HaPe PKH 1.1 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the 'nama_kelompok' POST parameter sent to lap-… | |||
| CVE-2018-25386 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | HaPe PKH 1.1 contains multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in admin/media.php that allow attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the 'id' parameter. An unauthenticate… | |||
| CVE-2018-25385 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | E-Registrasi Pencak Silat 18.10 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the id_partai parame… | |||
| CVE-2018-25382 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7d ago | Zechat 1.5 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to extract database information by injecting SQL code through the uname parameter. Attackers can send crafted … | |||
| CVE-2018-25372 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 11d ago | MedDream PACS Server Premium 6.7.1.1 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the email param… | |||
| CVE-2018-25371 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 11d ago | mooSocial Store Plugin 2.6 contains a blind SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries through the product parameter in URL rewrite functionality… | |||
| CVE-2018-25364 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 11d ago | Twitter-Clone 1 contains a SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the name parameter. Attackers can sub… | |||
| CVE-2018-25362 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 11d ago | Twitter-Clone 1 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in follow.php that allows attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the userid parameter. Attackers can submit unio… | |||
| CVE-2018-25379 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 11d ago | Collectric CMU 1.0 contains a boolean-based blind SQL injection vulnerability in the lang parameter that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries during authentication. Attacke… | |||
| CVE-2018-25351 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 13d ago | Joomla! Component EkRishta 2.10 contains an error-based SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code into the usernam… | |||
| CVE-2018-25348 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 13d ago | Joomla! Component Ek Rishta 2.10 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the cid parameter. Attacker… | |||
| CVE-2018-25342 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 13d ago | Smartshop 1 contains a time-based blind SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the 'searched' parameter in sear… | |||
| CVE-2018-25341 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 13d ago | Smartshop 1 contains a SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the id parameter. Attackers can send GET … | |||
| CVE-2018-25340 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 13d ago | Smartshop 1 contains a SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the id parameter. Attackers can send GET … | |||
| CVE-2018-25339 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 19d ago | Zechat 1.5 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the v parameter that allows unauthenticated attackers to extract database information using time-based blind techniques. Attackers can exploit the… | |||
| CVE-2018-25338 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 19d ago | Zechat 1.5 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the hashtag parameter that allows unauthenticated attackers to extract database information using union-based techniques. Attackers can exploit th… | |||
| CVE-2018-25333 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 19d ago | Nordex N149/4.0-4.5 Wind Turbine Web Server 4.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the … | |||
| CVE-2018-25330 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 19d ago | Joomla! extension EkRishta 2.10 contains persistent cross-site scripting and SQL injection vulnerabilities that allow attackers to inject malicious code through profile fields and POST parameters. At… | |||
| CVE-2018-25300 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 1mo ago | XATABoost CMS 1.0.0 contains a union-based SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the id parameter. Attackers c… | |||
| CVE-2018-25206 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 2mo ago | KomSeo Cart 1.3 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows attackers to inject SQL commands through the 'my_item_search' parameter in edit.php. Attackers can submit POST requests with malici… | |||
| CVE-2018-25203 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 2mo ago | Online Store System CMS 1.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the email parameter. Attackers c… | |||
| CVE-2018-7798 | high | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8y ago | A Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity (CWE-345) vulnerability exists in the Modicon M221, all versions, which could cause a change of IPv4 configuration (IP address, mask and gateway) when… | |||
| CVE-2018-6791 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in soliduiserver/deviceserviceaction.cpp in KDE Plasma Workspace before 5.12.0. When a vfat thumbdrive that contains `` or $() in its volume label is plugged in and mounted th… | |||
| CVE-2018-7889 | high | — | 8.0 | — | gui2/viewer/bookmarkmanager.py in Calibre 3.18 calls cPickle.load on imported bookmark data, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted .pickle file, as demonstrated by Pyt… | |||
| CVE-2018-1999023 | high | — | 8.0 | — | The Battle for Wesnoth Project version 1.7.0 through 1.14.3 contains a Code Injection vulnerability in the Lua scripting engine that can result in code execution outside the sandbox. This attack appe… | |||
| CVE-2018-15664 | high | — | 8.0 | — | In Docker through 18.06.1-ce-rc2, the API endpoints behind the 'docker cp' command are vulnerable to a symlink-exchange attack with Directory Traversal, giving attackers arbitrary read-write access t… | |||
| CVE-2018-9846 | high | — | 8.0 | — | In Roundcube from versions 1.2.0 to 1.3.5, with the archive plugin enabled and configured, it's possible to exploit the unsanitized, user-controlled "_uid" parameter (in an archive.php _task=mail&_mb… | |||
| CVE-2018-7184 | high | — | 8.0 | — | ntpd in ntp 4.2.8p4 before 4.2.8p11 drops bad packets before updating the "received" timestamp, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (disruption) by sending a packet with a zero… | |||
| CVE-2018-16857 | high | — | 8.0 | — | Samba from version 4.9.0 and before version 4.9.3 that have AD DC configurations watching for bad passwords (to restrict brute forcing of passwords) in a window of more than 3 minutes may not watch f… | |||
| CVE-2018-14362 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Mutt before 1.10.1 and NeoMutt before 2018-07-16. pop.c does not forbid characters that may have unsafe interaction with message-cache pathnames, as demonstrated by a '/' c… | |||
| CVE-2018-14055 | high | — | 8.0 | — | ZNC before 1.7.1-rc1 does not properly validate untrusted lines coming from the network, allowing a non-admin user to escalate his privilege and inject rogue values into znc.conf. | |||
| CVE-2018-6149 | high | — | 8.0 | — | arbitrary code execution in chromium | |||
| CVE-2018-6148 | high | — | 8.0 | — | access restriction bypass in chromium | |||
| CVE-2018-14349 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Mutt before 1.10.1 and NeoMutt before 2018-07-16. imap/command.c mishandles a NO response without a message. | |||
| CVE-2018-7409 | high | — | 8.0 | — | In unixODBC before 2.3.5, there is a buffer overflow in the unicode_to_ansi_copy() function in DriverManager/__info.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-5733 | high | — | 8.0 | — | A malicious client which is allowed to send very large amounts of traffic (billions of packets) to a DHCP server can eventually overflow a 32-bit reference counter, potentially causing dhcpd to crash… | |||
| CVE-2018-20593 | high | — | 8.0 | — | In Mini-XML (aka mxml) v2.12, there is stack-based buffer overflow in the scan_file function in mxmldoc.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-14359 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Mutt before 1.10.1 and NeoMutt before 2018-07-16. They have a buffer overflow via base64 data. | |||
| CVE-2018-14357 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Mutt before 1.10.1 and NeoMutt before 2018-07-16. They allow remote IMAP servers to execute arbitrary commands via backquote characters, related to the mailboxes command as… | |||
| CVE-2018-14353 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Mutt before 1.10.1 and NeoMutt before 2018-07-16. imap_quote_string in imap/util.c has an integer underflow. | |||
| CVE-2018-18226 | high | — | 8.0 | — | In Wireshark 2.6.0 to 2.6.3, the Steam IHS Discovery dissector could consume system memory. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-steam-ihs-discovery.c by changing the memory-management approa… | |||
| CVE-2018-7226 | high | — | 8.0 | — | multiple issues in libvncserver | |||
| CVE-2018-18644 | high | — | 8.0 | — | multiple issues in gitlab | |||
| CVE-2018-14326 | high | — | 8.0 | — | multiple issues in libmp4v2 | |||
| CVE-2018-6952 | high | — | 8.0 | — | A double free exists in the another_hunk function in pch.c in GNU patch through 2.7.6. | |||
| CVE-2018-0495 | high | — | 8.0 | — | Libgcrypt before 1.7.10 and 1.8.x before 1.8.3 allows a memory-cache side-channel attack on ECDSA signatures that can be mitigated through the use of blinding during the signing process in the _gcry_… | |||
| CVE-2018-14629 | high | — | 8.0 | — | A denial of service vulnerability was discovered in Samba's LDAP server before versions 4.7.12, 4.8.7, and 4.9.3. A CNAME loop could lead to infinite recursion in the server. An unprivileged local at… | |||
| CVE-2018-7185 | high | — | 8.0 | — | The protocol engine in ntp 4.2.6 before 4.2.8p11 allows a remote attackers to cause a denial of service (disruption) by continually sending a packet with a zero-origin timestamp and source IP address… | |||
| CVE-2018-14526 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in rsn_supp/wpa.c in wpa_supplicant 2.0 through 2.6. Under certain conditions, the integrity of EAPOL-Key messages is not checked, leading to a decryption oracle. An attacker … | |||
| CVE-2018-5732 | high | — | 8.0 | — | Failure to properly bounds-check a buffer used for processing DHCP options allows a malicious server (or an entity masquerading as a server) to cause a buffer overflow (and resulting crash) in dhclie… | |||
| CVE-2018-17407 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in t1_check_unusual_charstring functions in writet1.c files in TeX Live before 2018-09-21. A buffer overflow in the handling of Type 1 fonts allows arbitrary code execution wh… | |||
| CVE-2018-20199 | high | — | 8.0 | — | A NULL pointer dereference was discovered in ifilter_bank of libfaad/filtbank.c in Freeware Advanced Audio Decoder 2 (FAAD2) 2.8.8. The vulnerability causes a segmentation fault and application crash… | |||
| CVE-2018-14363 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in NeoMutt before 2018-07-16. newsrc.c does not properly restrict '/' characters that may have unsafe interaction with cache pathnames. | |||
| CVE-2018-10857 | high | — | 8.0 | — | git-annex is vulnerable to a private data exposure and exfiltration attack. It could expose the content of files located outside the git-annex repository, or content from a private web server on loca… | |||
| CVE-2018-7052 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Irssi before 1.0.7 and 1.1.x before 1.1.1. When the number of windows exceeds the available space, a crash due to a NULL pointer dereference would occur. | |||
| CVE-2018-7225 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in LibVNCServer through 0.9.11. rfbProcessClientNormalMessage() in rfbserver.c does not sanitize msg.cct.length, leading to access to uninitialized and potentially sensitive d… | |||
| CVE-2018-10963 | high | — | 8.0 | — | The TIFFWriteDirectorySec() function in tif_dirwrite.c in LibTIFF through 4.0.9 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (assertion failure and application crash) via a crafted file, a di… | |||
| CVE-2018-1100 | high | — | 8.0 | — | arbitrary code execution in zsh | |||
| CVE-2018-8796 | high | — | 8.0 | — | rdesktop versions up to and including v1.8.3 contain an Out-Of-Bounds Read in function process_bitmap_updates() that results in a Denial of Service (segfault). | |||
| CVE-2018-8797 | high | — | 8.0 | — | rdesktop versions up to and including v1.8.3 contain a Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in function process_plane() that results in a memory corruption and probably even a remote code execution. | |||
| CVE-2018-8800 | high | — | 8.0 | — | rdesktop versions up to and including v1.8.3 contain a Heap-Based Buffer Overflow in function ui_clip_handle_data() that results in a memory corruption and probably even a remote code execution. | |||
| CVE-2018-8799 | high | — | 8.0 | — | rdesktop versions up to and including v1.8.3 contain an Out-Of-Bounds Read in function process_secondary_order() that results in a Denial of Service (segfault). | |||
| CVE-2018-19932 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils through 2.31. There is an integer overflow and infinite loop caused by the IS_CONTAINE… | |||
| CVE-2018-6360 | high | — | 8.0 | — | mpv through 0.28.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site, because it reads HTML documents containing VIDEO elements, and accepts arbitrary URLs in a src attribute w… | |||
| CVE-2018-11803 | high | — | 8.0 | — | Subversion's mod_dav_svn Apache HTTPD module versions 1.11.0 and 1.10.0 to 1.10.3 will crash after dereferencing an uninitialized pointer if the client omits the root path in a recursive directory li… | |||
| CVE-2018-14350 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Mutt before 1.10.1 and NeoMutt before 2018-07-16. imap/message.c has a stack-based buffer overflow for a FETCH response with a long INTERNALDATE field. | |||
| CVE-2018-18227 | high | — | 8.0 | — | In Wireshark 2.6.0 to 2.6.3 and 2.4.0 to 2.4.9, the MS-WSP protocol dissector could crash. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-mswsp.c by properly handling NULL return values. | |||
| CVE-2018-18225 | high | — | 8.0 | — | In Wireshark 2.6.0 to 2.6.3, the CoAP dissector could crash. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-coap.c by ensuring that the piv length is correctly computed. | |||
| CVE-2018-14351 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Mutt before 1.10.1 and NeoMutt before 2018-07-16. imap/command.c mishandles a long IMAP status mailbox literal count size. | |||
| CVE-2018-11383 | high | — | 8.0 | — | The r_strbuf_fini() function in radare2 2.5.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid free and application crash) via a crafted ELF file because of an uninitialized variable in … | |||
| CVE-2018-11384 | high | — | 8.0 | — | The sh_op() function in radare2 2.5.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted ELF file. | |||
| CVE-2018-7253 | high | — | 8.0 | — | The ParseDsdiffHeaderConfig function of the cli/dsdiff.c file of WavPack 5.1.0 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial-of-service (heap-based buffer over-read) or possibly overwrite the heap via a… | |||
| CVE-2018-14352 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Mutt before 1.10.1 and NeoMutt before 2018-07-16. imap_quote_string in imap/util.c does not leave room for quote characters, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. | |||
| CVE-2018-1000879 | high | — | 8.0 | — | libarchive version commit 379867ecb330b3a952fb7bfa7bffb7bbd5547205 onwards (release v3.3.0 onwards) contains a CWE-476: NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability in ACL parser - libarchive/archive_acl.c… | |||
| CVE-2018-18661 | high | — | 8.0 | — | An issue was discovered in LibTIFF 4.0.9. There is a NULL pointer dereference in the function LZWDecode in the file tif_lzw.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-1000880 | high | — | 8.0 | — | libarchive version commit 9693801580c0cf7c70e862d305270a16b52826a7 onwards (release v3.2.0 onwards) contains a CWE-20: Improper Input Validation vulnerability in WARC parser - libarchive/archive_read… | |||
| CVE-2018-7170 | high | — | 8.0 | — | ntpd in ntp 4.2.x before 4.2.8p7 and 4.3.x before 4.3.92 allows authenticated users that know the private symmetric key to create arbitrarily-many ephemeral associations in order to win the clock sel… |