CVEs from 2018
Total
2,860
critical
critical 238
high
high 329
medium
medium 260
low
low 39
% Critical
8.3%
% with KEV
3.1%
% with exploit
9.1%
Top vendors
- intel 1,561
- schneider-electric 43
- siemens 42
- rockwellautomation 16
- echelon 15
- redhat 12
- oracle 9
- mitel 8
Top products
- core_i7 379
- core_i5 375
- core_i3 242
- xeon_e5 82
- xeon_e7 62
- xeon_e3 58
- xeon_gold 33
- atom_z 30
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | Risk | Flags | OS | Vendor | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2018-17965 | unknown | — | — | — | ImageMagick 7.0.7-28 has a memory leak vulnerability in WriteSGIImage in coders/sgi.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-17966 | unknown | — | — | — | ImageMagick 7.0.7-28 has a memory leak vulnerability in WritePDBImage in coders/pdb.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-18544 | unknown | — | — | — | There is a memory leak in the function WriteMSLImage of coders/msl.c in ImageMagick 7.0.8-13 Q16, and the function ProcessMSLScript of coders/msl.c in GraphicsMagick before 1.3.31. | |||
| CVE-2018-20467 | unknown | — | — | — | In coders/bmp.c in ImageMagick before 7.0.8-16, an input file can result in an infinite loop and hang, with high CPU and memory consumption. Remote attackers could leverage this vulnerability to caus… | |||
| CVE-2018-5246 | unknown | — | — | — | In ImageMagick 7.0.7-17 Q16, there are memory leaks in ReadPATTERNImage in coders/pattern.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-6405 | unknown | — | — | — | In the ReadDCMImage function in coders/dcm.c in ImageMagick before 7.0.7-23, each redmap, greenmap, and bluemap variable can be overwritten by a new pointer. The previous pointer is lost, which leads… | |||
| CVE-2018-7443 | unknown | — | — | — | The ReadTIFFImage function in coders/tiff.c in ImageMagick 7.0.7-23 Q16 does not properly validate the amount of image data in a file, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memo… | |||
| CVE-2018-9133 | unknown | — | — | — | ImageMagick 7.0.7-26 Q16 has excessive iteration in the DecodeLabImage and EncodeLabImage functions (coders/tiff.c), which results in a hang (tens of minutes) with a tiny PoC file. Remote attackers c… | |||
| CVE-2018-7999 | unknown | — | — | — | In libgraphite2 in graphite2 1.3.11, a NULL pointer dereference vulnerability was found in Segment.cpp during a dumbRendering operation, which may allow attackers to cause a denial of service or poss… | |||
| CVE-2018-12034 | unknown | — | — | — | In YARA 3.7.1 and prior, parsing a specially crafted compiled rule file can cause an out of bounds read vulnerability in yr_execute_code in libyara/exec.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-12035 | unknown | — | — | — | In YARA 3.7.1 and prior, parsing a specially crafted compiled rule file can cause an out of bounds write vulnerability in yr_execute_code in libyara/exec.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-19974 | unknown | — | — | — | In YARA 3.8.1, bytecode in a specially crafted compiled rule can read uninitialized data from VM scratch memory in libyara/exec.c. This can allow attackers to discover addresses in the real stack (no… | |||
| CVE-2018-19975 | unknown | — | — | — | In YARA 3.8.1, bytecode in a specially crafted compiled rule can read data from any arbitrary address in memory, in libyara/exec.c. Specifically, OP_COUNT can read a DWORD. | |||
| CVE-2018-19976 | unknown | — | — | — | In YARA 3.8.1, bytecode in a specially crafted compiled rule is exposed to information about its environment, in libyara/exec.c. This is a consequence of the design of the YARA virtual machine. | |||
| CVE-2018-7738 | unknown | — | — | — | In util-linux before 2.32-rc1, bash-completion/umount allows local users to gain privileges by embedding shell commands in a mountpoint name, which is mishandled during a umount command (within Bash)… | |||
| CVE-2018-1000004 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel 4.12, 3.10, 2.6 and possibly earlier versions a race condition vulnerability exists in the sound system, this can lead to a deadlock and denial of service condition. | |||
| CVE-2018-10074 | unknown | — | — | — | The hi3660_stub_clk_probe function in drivers/clk/hisilicon/clk-hi3660-stub.c in the Linux kernel before 4.16 allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) by triggering … | |||
| CVE-2018-1000026 | unknown | — | — | — | Linux Linux kernel version at least v4.8 onwards, probably well before contains a Insufficient input validation vulnerability in bnx2x network card driver that can result in DoS: Network card firmwar… | |||
| CVE-2018-1000199 | unknown | — | — | — | The Linux Kernel version 3.18 contains a dangerous feature vulnerability in modify_user_hw_breakpoint() that can result in crash and possibly memory corruption. This attack appear to be exploitable v… | |||
| CVE-2018-1000200 | unknown | — | — | — | The Linux Kernel versions 4.14, 4.15, and 4.16 has a null pointer dereference which can result in an out of memory (OOM) killing of large mlocked processes. The issue arises from an oom killed proces… | |||
| CVE-2018-1000204 | unknown | — | — | — | Linux Kernel version 3.18 to 4.16 incorrectly handles an SG_IO ioctl on /dev/sg0 with dxfer_direction=SG_DXFER_FROM_DEV and an empty 6-byte cmdp. This may lead to copying up to 1000 kernel heap pages… | |||
| CVE-2018-10322 | unknown | — | — | — | The xfs_dinode_verify function in fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_inode_buf.c in the Linux kernel through 4.16.3 allows local users to cause a denial of service (xfs_ilock_attr_map_shared invalid pointer dereferen… | |||
| CVE-2018-10675 | unknown | — | — | — | The do_get_mempolicy function in mm/mempolicy.c in the Linux kernel before 4.12.9 allows local users to cause a denial of service (use-after-free) or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafte… | |||
| CVE-2018-10853 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the way Linux kernel KVM hypervisor before 4.18 emulated instructions such as sgdt/sidt/fxsave/fxrstor. It did not check current privilege(CPL) level while emulating unprivileged … | |||
| CVE-2018-12633 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.2. vbg_misc_device_ioctl() in drivers/virt/vboxguest/vboxguest_linux.c reads the same user data twice with copy_from_user. The header part of … | |||
| CVE-2018-12714 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.2. The filter parsing in kernel/trace/trace_events_filter.c could be called with no filter, which is an N=0 case when it expected at least one… | |||
| CVE-2018-13053 | unknown | — | — | — | The alarm_timer_nsleep function in kernel/time/alarmtimer.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3 has an integer overflow via a large relative timeout because ktime_add_safe is not used. | |||
| CVE-2018-13094 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_attr_leaf.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3. An OOPS may occur for a corrupted xfs image after xfs_da_shrink_inode() is called with a NULL bp. | |||
| CVE-2018-13093 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in fs/xfs/xfs_icache.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3. There is a NULL pointer dereference and panic in lookup_slow() on a NULL inode->i_ops pointer when doing pathwalks o… | |||
| CVE-2018-13097 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in fs/f2fs/super.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3. There is an out-of-bounds read or a divide-by-zero error for an incorrect user_block_count in a corrupted f2fs image, le… | |||
| CVE-2018-13406 | unknown | — | — | — | An integer overflow in the uvesafb_setcmap function in drivers/video/fbdev/uvesafb.c in the Linux kernel before 4.17.4 could result in local attackers being able to crash the kernel or potentially el… | |||
| CVE-2018-14609 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.10. There is an invalid pointer dereference in __del_reloc_root() in fs/btrfs/relocation.c when mounting a crafted btrfs image, related to rem… | |||
| CVE-2018-14611 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.10. There is a use-after-free in try_merge_free_space() when mounting a crafted btrfs image, because of a lack of chunk type flag checks in bt… | |||
| CVE-2018-14610 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.10. There is out-of-bounds access in write_extent_buffer() when mounting and operating a crafted btrfs image, because of a lack of verificatio… | |||
| CVE-2018-14633 | unknown | — | — | — | A security flaw was found in the chap_server_compute_md5() function in the ISCSI target code in the Linux kernel in a way an authentication request from an ISCSI initiator is processed. An unauthenti… | |||
| CVE-2018-14619 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the crypto subsystem of the Linux kernel before version kernel-4.15-rc4. The "null skcipher" was being dropped when each af_alg_ctx was freed instead of when the aead_tfm was free… | |||
| CVE-2018-14641 | unknown | — | — | — | A security flaw was found in the ip_frag_reasm() function in net/ipv4/ip_fragment.c in the Linux kernel from 4.19-rc1 to 4.19-rc3 inclusive, which can cause a later system crash in ip_do_fragment(). … | |||
| CVE-2018-14646 | unknown | — | — | — | The Linux kernel before 4.15-rc8 was found to be vulnerable to a NULL pointer dereference bug in the __netlink_ns_capable() function in the net/netlink/af_netlink.c file. A local attacker could explo… | |||
| CVE-2018-16276 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in yurex_read in drivers/usb/misc/yurex.c in the Linux kernel before 4.17.7. Local attackers could use user access read/writes with incorrect bounds checking in the yurex USB … | |||
| CVE-2018-7757 | unknown | — | — | — | Memory leak in the sas_smp_get_phy_events function in drivers/scsi/libsas/sas_expander.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.7 allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via ma… | |||
| CVE-2018-8043 | unknown | — | — | — | The unimac_mdio_probe function in drivers/net/phy/mdio-bcm-unimac.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.8 does not validate certain resource availability, which allows local users to cause a denial of s… | |||
| CVE-2018-9385 | unknown | — | — | — | In driver_override_store of bus.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. … | |||
| CVE-2018-9415 | unknown | — | — | — | In driver_override_store and driver_override_show of bus.c, there is a possible double free due to improper locking. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges … | |||
| CVE-2018-9422 | unknown | — | — | — | In get_futex_key of futex.c, there is a use-after-free due to improper locking. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional privileges needed. User interaction is not needed f… | |||
| CVE-2018-9465 | unknown | — | — | — | In task_get_unused_fd_flags of binder.c, there is a possible memory corruption due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed… | |||
| CVE-2018-9516 | unknown | — | — | — | In hid_debug_events_read of drivers/hid/hid-debug.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution priv… | |||
| CVE-2018-1066 | unknown | — | — | — | The Linux kernel before version 4.11 is vulnerable to a NULL pointer dereference in fs/cifs/cifsencrypt.c:setup_ntlmv2_rsp() that allows an attacker controlling a CIFS server to kernel panic a client… | |||
| CVE-2018-6557 | unknown | — | — | — | The MOTD update script in the base-files package in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS before 10.1ubuntu2.2, and Ubuntu 18.10 before 10.1ubuntu6 incorrectly handled temporary files. A local attacker could use this iss… | |||
| CVE-2018-10186 | unknown | — | — | — | In radare2 2.5.0, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the r_hex_bin2str function (libr/util/hex.c). Remote attackers could leverage this vulnerability to cause a denial of service via a crafted… | |||
| CVE-2018-10187 | unknown | — | — | — | In radare2 2.5.0, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the dalvik_op function (libr/anal/p/anal_dalvik.c). Remote attackers could leverage this vulnerability to cause a denial of service via a c… | |||
| CVE-2018-16646 | unknown | — | — | — | In Poppler 0.68.0, the Parser::getObj() function in Parser.cc may cause infinite recursion via a crafted file. A remote attacker can leverage this for a DoS attack. | |||
| CVE-2018-10768 | unknown | — | — | — | There is a NULL pointer dereference in the AnnotPath::getCoordsLength function in Annot.h in an Ubuntu package for Poppler 0.24.5. A crafted input will lead to a remote denial of service attack. Late… | |||
| CVE-2018-13988 | unknown | — | — | — | Poppler through 0.62 contains an out of bounds read vulnerability due to an incorrect memory access that is not mapped in its memory space, as demonstrated by pdfunite. This can result in memory corr… | |||
| CVE-2018-14612 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.10. There is an invalid pointer dereference in btrfs_root_node() when mounting a crafted btrfs image, because of a lack of chunk block group m… | |||
| CVE-2018-4163 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4199 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-4165 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4190 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-4191 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, watchOS 5, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4207 | unknown | — | — | — | In iOS before 11.3, Safari before 11.1, iCloud for Windows before 7.4, tvOS before 11.3, watchOS before 4.3, iTunes before 12.7.4 for Windows, unexpected interaction causes an ASSERT failure. This is… | |||
| CVE-2018-4201 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-4213 | unknown | — | — | — | In iOS before 11.3, Safari before 11.1, iCloud for Windows before 7.4, tvOS before 11.3, watchOS before 4.3, iTunes before 12.7.4 for Windows, unexpected interaction causes an ASSERT failure. This is… | |||
| CVE-2018-4232 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-12564 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in Linaro LAVA before 2018.5.post1. Because of support for URLs in the submit page, a user can forge an HTTP request that will force lava-server-gunicorn to return any file on… | |||
| CVE-2018-13099 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in fs/f2fs/inline.c in the Linux kernel through 4.4. A denial of service (out-of-bounds memory access and BUG) can occur for a modified f2fs filesystem image in which an inlin… | |||
| CVE-2018-13100 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in fs/f2fs/super.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3, which does not properly validate secs_per_zone in a corrupted f2fs image, as demonstrated by a divide-by-zero error. | |||
| CVE-2018-13096 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in fs/f2fs/super.c in the Linux kernel through 4.14. A denial of service (out-of-bounds memory access and BUG) can occur upon encountering an abnormal bitmap size when mountin… | |||
| CVE-2018-14613 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.10. There is an invalid pointer dereference in io_ctl_map_page() when mounting and operating a crafted btrfs image, because of a lack of block… | |||
| CVE-2018-14614 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.10. There is an out-of-bounds access in __remove_dirty_segment() in fs/f2fs/segment.c when mounting an f2fs image. | |||
| CVE-2018-14615 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.10. There is a buffer overflow in truncate_inline_inode() in fs/f2fs/inline.c when umounting an f2fs image, because a length value may be nega… | |||
| CVE-2018-14616 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.10. There is a NULL pointer dereference in fscrypt_do_page_crypto() in fs/crypto/crypto.c when operating on a file in a corrupted f2fs image. | |||
| CVE-2018-14617 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.10. There is a NULL pointer dereference and panic in hfsplus_lookup() in fs/hfsplus/dir.c when opening a file (that is purportedly a hard link… | |||
| CVE-2018-16880 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's handle_rx() function in the [vhost_net] driver. A malicious virtual guest, under specific conditions, can trigger an out-of-bounds write in a kmalloc-8 slab on … | |||
| CVE-2018-14625 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the Linux Kernel where an attacker may be able to have an uncontrolled read to kernel-memory from within a vm guest. A race condition between connect() and close() function may al… | |||
| CVE-2018-14678 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.17.11, as used in Xen through 4.11.x. The xen_failsafe_callback entry point in arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S does not properly maintain RBX, which al… | |||
| CVE-2018-7480 | unknown | — | — | — | The blkcg_init_queue function in block/blk-cgroup.c in the Linux kernel before 4.11 allows local users to cause a denial of service (double free) or possibly have unspecified other impact by triggeri… | |||
| CVE-2018-7740 | unknown | — | — | — | The resv_map_release function in mm/hugetlb.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.7 allows local users to cause a denial of service (BUG) via a crafted application that makes mmap system calls and has a… | |||
| CVE-2018-7995 | unknown | — | — | — | Race condition in the store_int_with_restart() function in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.7 allows local users to cause a denial of service (panic) by leveraging ro… | |||
| CVE-2018-8087 | unknown | — | — | — | Memory leak in the hwsim_new_radio_nl function in drivers/net/wireless/mac80211_hwsim.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.9 allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by trig… | |||
| CVE-2018-8781 | unknown | — | — | — | The udl_fb_mmap function in drivers/gpu/drm/udl/udl_fb.c at the Linux kernel version 3.4 and up to and including 4.15 has an integer-overflow vulnerability allowing local users with access to the udl… | |||
| CVE-2018-8822 | unknown | — | — | — | Incorrect buffer length handling in the ncp_read_kernel function in fs/ncpfs/ncplib_kernel.c in the Linux kernel through 4.15.11, and in drivers/staging/ncpfs/ncplib_kernel.c in the Linux kernel 4.16… | |||
| CVE-2018-9363 | unknown | — | — | — | In the hidp_process_report in bluetooth, there is an integer overflow. This could lead to an out of bounds write with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exp… | |||
| CVE-2018-9517 | unknown | — | — | — | In pppol2tp_connect, there is possible memory corruption due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not nee… | |||
| CVE-2018-9518 | unknown | — | — | — | In nfc_llcp_build_sdreq_tlv of llcp_commands.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privilege… | |||
| CVE-2018-9568 | unknown | — | — | — | In sk_clone_lock of sock.c, there is a possible memory corruption due to type confusion. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interact… | |||
| CVE-2018-10888 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in libgit2 before version 0.27.3. A missing check in git_delta_apply function in delta.c file, may lead to an out-of-bound read while reading a binary delta file. An attacker may use… | |||
| CVE-2018-1000003 | unknown | — | — | — | Improper input validation bugs in DNSSEC validators components in PowerDNS version 4.1.0 allow attacker in man-in-the-middle position to deny existence of some data in DNS via packet replay. | |||
| CVE-2018-20450 | unknown | — | — | — | The read_MSAT function in ole.c in libxls 1.4.0 has a double free that allows attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2017-28… | |||
| CVE-2018-20452 | unknown | — | — | — | The read_MSAT_body function in ole.c in libxls 1.4.0 has an invalid free that allows attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted… | |||
| CVE-2018-7685 | unknown | — | — | — | The decoupled download and installation steps in libzypp before 17.5.0 could lead to a corrupted RPM being left in the cache, where a later call would not display the corrupted RPM warning and allow … | |||
| CVE-2018-5093 | unknown | — | — | — | A heap buffer overflow vulnerability may occur in WebAssembly during Memory/Table resizing, resulting in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 58. | |||
| CVE-2018-12040 | unknown | — | — | — | Reflected Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the web profiler in SensioLabs Symfony 3.3.6 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the "file" parameter, aka an _pro… | |||
| CVE-2018-11710 | unknown | — | — | — | soundlib/pattern.h in libopenmpt before 0.3.9 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted AMS file because of an i… | |||
| CVE-2018-10017 | unknown | — | — | — | soundlib/Snd_fx.cpp in OpenMPT before 1.27.07.00 and libopenmpt before 0.3.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via an IT or MO3 file with many nested pattern l… | |||
| CVE-2018-20860 | unknown | — | — | — | libopenmpt before 0.3.13 allows a crash with malformed MED files. | |||
| CVE-2018-6611 | unknown | — | — | — | soundlib/Load_stp.cpp in OpenMPT through 1.27.04.00, and libopenmpt before 0.3.6, has an out-of-bounds read via a malformed STP file. | |||
| CVE-2018-20533 | unknown | — | — | — | There is a NULL pointer dereference at ext/testcase.c (function testcase_str2dep_complex) in libsolvext.a in libsolv through 0.7.2 that will cause a denial of service. | |||
| CVE-2018-20532 | unknown | — | — | — | There is a NULL pointer dereference at ext/testcase.c (function testcase_read) in libsolvext.a in libsolv through 0.7.2 that will cause a denial of service. | |||
| CVE-2018-5389 | unknown | — | — | — | The Internet Key Exchange v1 main mode is vulnerable to offline dictionary or brute force attacks. Reusing a key pair across different versions and modes of IKE could lead to cross-protocol authentic… | |||
| CVE-2018-12608 | unknown | — | — | 2y ago | An issue was discovered in Docker Moby before 17.06.0. The Docker engine validated a client TLS certificate using both the configured client CA root certificate and all system roots on non-Windows sy… |