CVEs from 2019
Total
3,162
critical
critical 238
high
high 485
medium
medium 485
low
low 94
% Critical
7.5%
% with KEV
3.7%
% with exploit
8.0%
Top vendors
- intel 246
- schneider-electric 117
- netapp 61
- siemens 58
- oracle 36
- hp 23
- denx 20
- phoenixcontact 9
Top products
- u-boot 20
- crimson 8
- active_iq_unified_manager 7
- weblogic_server 5
- jdk 5
- oncommand_workflow_automation 5
- codeready_linux_builder_eus 4
- oncommand_insight 4
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | Risk | Flags | OS | Vendor | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2019-14284 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.2.3, drivers/block/floppy.c allows a denial of service by setup_format_params division-by-zero. Two consecutive ioctls can trigger the bug: the first one should set the d… | |||
| CVE-2019-12818 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.20.15. The nfc_llcp_build_tlv function in net/nfc/llcp_commands.c may return NULL. If the caller does not check for this, it will trigger a NULL p… | |||
| CVE-2019-12454 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in wcd9335_codec_enable_dec in sound/soc/codecs/wcd9335.c in the Linux kernel through 5.1.5. It uses kstrndup instead of kmemdup_nul, which allows attackers to have an unspeci… | |||
| CVE-2019-12381 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in ip_ra_control in net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c in the Linux kernel through 5.1.5. There is an unchecked kmalloc of new_ra, which might allow an attacker to cause a denial of servi… | |||
| CVE-2019-9456 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Android kernel in Pixel C USB monitor driver there is a possible OOB write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges need… | |||
| CVE-2019-9453 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Android kernel in F2FS touch driver there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. This could lead to local information disclosure with system execution privileges ne… | |||
| CVE-2019-9445 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Android kernel in F2FS driver there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with system execution privileges needed. Use… | |||
| CVE-2019-12380 | unknown | — | — | — | **DISPUTED** An issue was discovered in the efi subsystem in the Linux kernel through 5.1.5. phys_efi_set_virtual_address_map in arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c and efi_call_phys_prolog in arch/x86/platf… | |||
| CVE-2019-9444 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Android kernel in sync debug fs driver there is a kernel pointer leak due to the usage of printf with %p. This could lead to local information disclosure with system execution privileges neede… | |||
| CVE-2019-9245 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Android kernel in the f2fs driver there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed.… | |||
| CVE-2019-10142 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's freescale hypervisor manager implementation, kernel versions 5.0.x up to, excluding 5.0.17. A parameter passed to an ioctl was incorrectly validated and used in… | |||
| CVE-2019-10140 | unknown | — | — | — | A vulnerability was found in Linux kernel's, versions up to 3.10, implementation of overlayfs. An attacker with local access can create a denial of service situation via NULL pointer dereference in o… | |||
| CVE-2019-0147 | unknown | — | — | — | Insufficient input validation in i40e driver for Intel(R) Ethernet 700 Series Controllers versions before 7.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable a denial of service via local acces… | |||
| CVE-2019-9454 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Android kernel in i2c driver there is a possible out of bounds write due to memory corruption. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User in… | |||
| CVE-2019-7308 | unknown | — | — | — | kernel/bpf/verifier.c in the Linux kernel before 4.20.6 performs undesirable out-of-bounds speculation on pointer arithmetic in various cases, including cases of different branches with different sta… | |||
| CVE-2019-3837 | unknown | — | — | — | It was found that the net_dma code in tcp_recvmsg() in the 2.6.32 kernel as shipped in RHEL6 is thread-unsafe. So an unprivileged multi-threaded userspace application calling recvmsg() for the same n… | |||
| CVE-2019-3819 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the Linux kernel in the function hid_debug_events_read() in drivers/hid/hid-debug.c file which may enter an infinite loop with certain parameters passed from a userspace. A local … | |||
| CVE-2019-5880 | unknown | — | — | — | Insufficient policy enforcement in Blink in Google Chrome prior to 77.0.3865.75 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. | |||
| CVE-2019-3701 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in can_can_gw_rcv in net/can/gw.c in the Linux kernel through 4.19.13. The CAN frame modification rules allow bitwise logical operations that can be also applied to the can_dl… | |||
| CVE-2019-5875 | unknown | — | — | — | Insufficient data validation in downloads in Google Chrome prior to 77.0.3865.75 allowed a remote attacker to spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page. | |||
| CVE-2019-0136 | unknown | — | — | — | Insufficient access control in the Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiFi Software driver before version 21.10 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via adjacent access. | |||
| CVE-2019-25045 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.0.19. The XFRM subsystem has a use-after-free, related to an xfrm_state_fini panic, aka CID-dbb2483b2a46. | |||
| CVE-2019-25044 | unknown | — | — | — | The block subsystem in the Linux kernel before 5.2 has a use-after-free that can lead to arbitrary code execution in the kernel context and privilege escalation, aka CID-c3e2219216c9. This is related… | |||
| CVE-2019-2213 | unknown | — | — | — | In binder_free_transaction of binder.c, there is a possible use-after-free due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. Us… | |||
| CVE-2019-0146 | unknown | — | — | — | Resource leak in i40e driver for Intel(R) Ethernet 700 Series Controllers versions before 2.8.43 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable a denial of service via local access. | |||
| CVE-2019-2101 | unknown | — | — | — | In uvc_parse_standard_control of uvc_driver.c, there is a possible out-of-bound read due to improper input validation. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution pri… | |||
| CVE-2019-20934 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.2.6. On NUMA systems, the Linux fair scheduler has a use-after-free in show_numa_stats() because NUMA fault statistics are inappropriately freed, … | |||
| CVE-2019-20806 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.2. There is a NULL pointer dereference in tw5864_handle_frame() in drivers/media/pci/tw5864/tw5864-video.c, which may cause denial of service, aka… | |||
| CVE-2019-2054 | unknown | — | — | — | In the seccomp implementation prior to kernel version 4.8, there is a possible seccomp bypass due to seccomp policies that allow the use of ptrace. This could lead to local escalation of privilege wi… | |||
| CVE-2019-19927 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel 5.0.0-rc7 (as distributed in ubuntu/linux.git on kernel.ubuntu.com), mounting a crafted f2fs filesystem image and performing some operations can lead to slab-out-of-bounds read ac… | |||
| CVE-2019-5872 | unknown | — | — | — | Use after free in Mojo in Google Chrome prior to 77.0.3865.75 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. | |||
| CVE-2019-19813 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel 5.0.21, mounting a crafted btrfs filesystem image, performing some operations, and then making a syncfs system call can lead to a use-after-free in __mutex_lock in kernel/locking/… | |||
| CVE-2019-2024 | unknown | — | — | — | In em28xx_unregister_dvb of em28xx-dvb.c, there is a possible use after free issue. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction i… | |||
| CVE-2019-20096 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.1, there is a memory leak in __feat_register_sp() in net/dccp/feat.c, which may cause denial of service, aka CID-1d3ff0950e2b. | |||
| CVE-2019-19769 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel 5.3.10, there is a use-after-free (read) in the perf_trace_lock_acquire function (related to include/trace/events/lock.h). | |||
| CVE-2019-19531 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.2.9, there is a use-after-free bug that can be caused by a malicious USB device in the drivers/usb/misc/yurex.c driver, aka CID-fc05481b2fca. | |||
| CVE-2019-5869 | unknown | — | — | — | Use after free in Blink in Google Chrome prior to 76.0.3809.132 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. | |||
| CVE-2019-0145 | unknown | — | — | — | Buffer overflow in i40e driver for Intel(R) Ethernet 700 Series Controllers versions before 7.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable an escalation of privilege via local access. | |||
| CVE-2019-19448 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel 5.0.21 and 5.3.11, mounting a crafted btrfs filesystem image, performing some operations, and then making a syncfs system call can lead to a use-after-free in try_merge_free_space… | |||
| CVE-2019-19318 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel 5.3.11, mounting a crafted btrfs image twice can cause an rwsem_down_write_slowpath use-after-free because (in rwsem_can_spin_on_owner in kernel/locking/rwsem.c) rwsem_owner_flags… | |||
| CVE-2019-19252 | unknown | — | — | — | vcs_write in drivers/tty/vt/vc_screen.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.13 does not prevent write access to vcsu devices, aka CID-0c9acb1af77a. | |||
| CVE-2019-19227 | unknown | — | — | — | In the AppleTalk subsystem in the Linux kernel before 5.1, there is a potential NULL pointer dereference because register_snap_client may return NULL. This will lead to denial of service in net/apple… | |||
| CVE-2019-19082 | unknown | — | — | — | Memory leaks in *create_resource_pool() functions under drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc in the Linux kernel through 5.3.11 allow attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption). This affec… | |||
| CVE-2019-19078 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the ath10k_usb_hif_tx_sg() function in drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath10k/usb.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by … | |||
| CVE-2019-19066 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the bfad_im_get_stats() function in drivers/scsi/bfa/bfad_attr.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by triggering b… | |||
| CVE-2019-19060 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the adis_update_scan_mode() function in drivers/iio/imu/adis_buffer.c in the Linux kernel before 5.3.9 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption), aka CID-ab6… | |||
| CVE-2019-10125 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in aio_poll() in fs/aio.c in the Linux kernel through 5.0.4. A file may be released by aio_poll_wake() if an expected event is triggered immediately (e.g., by the close of a p… | |||
| CVE-2019-19054 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the cx23888_ir_probe() function in drivers/media/pci/cx23885/cx23888-ir.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by tri… | |||
| CVE-2019-19053 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the rpmsg_eptdev_write_iter() function in drivers/rpmsg/rpmsg_char.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by triggeri… | |||
| CVE-2019-19052 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the gs_can_open() function in drivers/net/can/usb/gs_usb.c in the Linux kernel before 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by triggering usb_subm… | |||
| CVE-2019-0149 | unknown | — | — | — | Insufficient input validation in i40e driver for Intel(R) Ethernet 700 Series Controllers versions before 2.8.43 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable a denial of service via local ac… | |||
| CVE-2019-18198 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.3.4, a reference count usage error in the fib6_rule_suppress() function in the fib6 suppression feature of net/ipv6/fib6_rules.c, when handling the FIB_LOOKUP_NOREF flag,… | |||
| CVE-2019-17056 | unknown | — | — | — | llcp_sock_create in net/nfc/llcp_sock.c in the AF_NFC network module in the Linux kernel through 5.3.2 does not enforce CAP_NET_RAW, which means that unprivileged users can create a raw socket, aka C… | |||
| CVE-2019-17054 | unknown | — | — | — | atalk_create in net/appletalk/ddp.c in the AF_APPLETALK network module in the Linux kernel through 5.3.2 does not enforce CAP_NET_RAW, which means that unprivileged users can create a raw socket, aka… | |||
| CVE-2019-17052 | unknown | — | — | — | ax25_create in net/ax25/af_ax25.c in the AF_AX25 network module in the Linux kernel 3.16 through 5.3.2 does not enforce CAP_NET_RAW, which means that unprivileged users can create a raw socket, aka C… | |||
| CVE-2019-0148 | unknown | — | — | — | Resource leak in i40e driver for Intel(R) Ethernet 700 Series Controllers versions before 7.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable a denial of service via local access. | |||
| CVE-2019-17075 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in write_tpt_entry in drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/mem.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.2. The cxgb4 driver is directly calling dma_map_single (a DMA function) from a stack va… | |||
| CVE-2019-16229 | unknown | — | — | — | drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdkfd/kfd_interrupt.c in the Linux kernel 5.2.14 does not check the alloc_workqueue return value, leading to a NULL pointer dereference. NOTE: The security community disputes thi… | |||
| CVE-2019-15923 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.0.9. There is a NULL pointer dereference for a cd data structure if alloc_disk fails in drivers/block/paride/pf.c. | |||
| CVE-2019-15918 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.0.10. SMB2_negotiate in fs/cifs/smb2pdu.c has an out-of-bounds read because data structures are incompletely updated after a change from smb30 to … | |||
| CVE-2019-5845 | unknown | — | — | — | Out of bounds access in SwiftShader in Google Chrome prior to 73.0.3683.75 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. | |||
| CVE-2019-13672 | unknown | — | — | — | Incorrect security UI in Omnibox in Google Chrome prior to 77.0.3865.75 allowed a remote attacker to potentially spoof the contents of the Omnibox (URL bar) via a crafted HTML page on iOS. | |||
| CVE-2019-15538 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in xfs_setattr_nonsize in fs/xfs/xfs_iops.c in the Linux kernel through 5.2.9. XFS partially wedges when a chgrp fails on account of being out of disk quota. xfs_setattr_nonsi… | |||
| CVE-2019-11502 | unknown | — | — | — | snap-confine in snapd before 2.38 incorrectly set the ownership of a snap application to the uid and gid of the first calling user. Consequently, that user had unintended access to a private /tmp dir… | |||
| CVE-2019-15291 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 5.2.9. There is a NULL pointer dereference caused by a malicious USB device in the flexcop_usb_probe function in the drivers/media/usb/b2c2/flexcop… | |||
| CVE-2019-15222 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.2.8. There is a NULL pointer dereference caused by a malicious USB device in the sound/usb/helper.c (motu_microbookii) driver. | |||
| CVE-2019-13676 | unknown | — | — | — | Insufficient policy enforcement in Chromium in Google Chrome prior to 77.0.3865.75 allowed a remote attacker to perform domain spoofing via a crafted HTML page. | |||
| CVE-2019-15220 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.2.1. There is a use-after-free caused by a malicious USB device in the drivers/net/wireless/intersil/p54/p54usb.c driver. | |||
| CVE-2019-5801 | unknown | — | — | — | Incorrect eliding of URLs in Omnibox in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 73.0.3683.75 allowed a remote attacker to perform domain spoofing via a crafted HTML page. | |||
| CVE-2019-13640 | unknown | — | — | — | In qBittorrent before 4.1.7, the function Application::runExternalProgram() located in app/application.cpp allows command injection via shell metacharacters in the torrent name parameter or current t… | |||
| CVE-2019-11751 | unknown | — | — | — | Logging-related command line parameters are not properly sanitized when Firefox is launched by another program, such as when a user clicks on malicious links in a chat application. This can be used t… | |||
| CVE-2019-14283 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.2.3, set_geometry in drivers/block/floppy.c does not validate the sect and head fields, as demonstrated by an integer overflow and out-of-bounds read. It can be triggered… | |||
| CVE-2019-5846 | unknown | — | — | — | Out of bounds access in SwiftShader in Google Chrome prior to 73.0.3683.75 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. | |||
| CVE-2019-15219 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.1.8. There is a NULL pointer dereference caused by a malicious USB device in the drivers/usb/misc/sisusbvga/sisusb.c driver. | |||
| CVE-2019-15098 | unknown | — | — | — | drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath6kl/usb.c in the Linux kernel through 5.2.9 has a NULL pointer dereference via an incomplete address in an endpoint descriptor. | |||
| CVE-2019-15117 | unknown | — | — | — | parse_audio_mixer_unit in sound/usb/mixer.c in the Linux kernel through 5.2.9 mishandles a short descriptor, leading to out-of-bounds memory access. | |||
| CVE-2019-18675 | unknown | — | — | — | The Linux kernel through 5.3.13 has a start_offset+size Integer Overflow in cpia2_remap_buffer in drivers/media/usb/cpia2/cpia2_core.c because cpia2 has its own mmap implementation. This allows local… | |||
| CVE-2019-18814 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 5.3.9. There is a use-after-free when aa_label_parse() fails in aa_audit_rule_init() in security/apparmor/audit.c. | |||
| CVE-2019-19037 | unknown | — | — | — | ext4_empty_dir in fs/ext4/namei.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.12 allows a NULL pointer dereference because ext4_read_dirblock(inode,0,DIRENT_HTREE) can be zero. | |||
| CVE-2019-18806 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the ql_alloc_large_buffers() function in drivers/net/ethernet/qlogic/qla3xxx.c in the Linux kernel before 5.3.5 allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) b… | |||
| CVE-2019-18807 | unknown | — | — | — | Two memory leaks in the sja1105_static_config_upload() function in drivers/net/dsa/sja1105/sja1105_spi.c in the Linux kernel before 5.3.5 allow attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumpt… | |||
| CVE-2019-18812 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the sof_dfsentry_write() function in sound/soc/sof/debug.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.9 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption), aka CID-c0a333d842ef. | |||
| CVE-2019-19039 | unknown | — | — | — | __btrfs_free_extent in fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c in the Linux kernel through 5.3.12 calls btrfs_print_leaf in a certain ENOENT case, which allows local users to obtain potentially sensitive information … | |||
| CVE-2019-19044 | unknown | — | — | — | Two memory leaks in the v3d_submit_cl_ioctl() function in drivers/gpu/drm/v3d/v3d_gem.c in the Linux kernel before 5.3.11 allow attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by triggeri… | |||
| CVE-2019-19048 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the crypto_reportstat() function in drivers/virt/vboxguest/vboxguest_utils.c in the Linux kernel before 5.3.9 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by tr… | |||
| CVE-2019-19051 | unknown | — | — | — | A memory leak in the i2400m_op_rfkill_sw_toggle() function in drivers/net/wimax/i2400m/op-rfkill.c in the Linux kernel before 5.3.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption)… | |||
| CVE-2019-1000014 | unknown | — | — | — | Erlang/OTP Rebar3 version 3.7.0 through 3.7.5 contains a Signing oracle vulnerability in Package registry verification that can result in Package modifications not detected, allowing code execution. … | |||
| CVE-2019-19525 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.3.6, there is a use-after-free bug that can be caused by a malicious USB device in the drivers/net/ieee802154/atusb.c driver, aka CID-7fd25e6fc035. | |||
| CVE-2019-19526 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.3.9, there is a use-after-free bug that can be caused by a malicious USB device in the drivers/nfc/pn533/usb.c driver, aka CID-6af3aa57a098. | |||
| CVE-2019-19529 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.3.11, there is a use-after-free bug that can be caused by a malicious USB device in the drivers/net/can/usb/mcba_usb.c driver, aka CID-4d6636498c41. | |||
| CVE-2019-19530 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.2.10, there is a use-after-free bug that can be caused by a malicious USB device in the drivers/usb/class/cdc-acm.c driver, aka CID-c52873e5a1ef. | |||
| CVE-2019-19535 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.2.9, there is an info-leak bug that can be caused by a malicious USB device in the drivers/net/can/usb/peak_usb/pcan_usb_fd.c driver, aka CID-30a8beeb3042. | |||
| CVE-2019-19536 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.2.9, there is an info-leak bug that can be caused by a malicious USB device in the drivers/net/can/usb/peak_usb/pcan_usb_pro.c driver, aka CID-ead16e53c2f0. | |||
| CVE-2019-2182 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Android kernel in the kernel MMU code there is a possible execution path leaving some kernel text and rodata pages writable. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional… | |||
| CVE-2019-2214 | unknown | — | — | — | In binder_transaction of binder.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges need… | |||
| CVE-2019-3896 | unknown | — | — | — | A double-free can happen in idr_remove_all() in lib/idr.c in the Linux kernel 2.6 branch. An unprivileged local attacker can use this flaw for a privilege escalation or for a system crash and a denia… | |||
| CVE-2019-3901 | unknown | — | — | — | A race condition in perf_event_open() allows local attackers to leak sensitive data from setuid programs. As no relevant locks (in particular the cred_guard_mutex) are held during the ptrace_may_acce… | |||
| CVE-2019-19722 | unknown | — | — | — | In Dovecot before 2.3.9.2, an attacker can crash a push-notification driver with a crafted email when push notifications are used, because of a NULL Pointer Dereference. The email must use a group ad… | |||
| CVE-2019-10714 | unknown | — | — | — | LocaleLowercase in MagickCore/locale.c in ImageMagick before 7.0.8-32 allows out-of-bounds access, leading to a SIGSEGV. | |||
| CVE-2019-11597 | unknown | — | — | — | In ImageMagick 7.0.8-43 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the function WriteTIFFImage of coders/tiff.c, which allows an attacker to cause a denial of service or possibly information disc… |