CVEs from 2021
Total
4,786
critical
critical 281
high
high 1,022
medium
medium 1,179
low
low 138
% Critical
5.9%
% with KEV
4.5%
% with exploit
5.3%
Top vendors
Top products
- simatic_wincc_runtime_advanced 28
- office 13
- primavera_gateway 10
- weblogic_server 9
- primavera_unifier 8
- modicon_m340_bmxp342020 8
- log4j 8
- mbed_tls 8
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | Risk | Flags | OS | Vendor | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2021-47980 | high | 7.1 | 7.1 | 22d ago | Fuel CMS 1.4.13 contains a blind SQL injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting SQL code through the 'col' parameter in the Activity Log i… | |||
| CVE-2021-4090 | high | 7.1 | 7.1 | 4y ago | An out-of-bounds (OOB) memory write flaw was found in the NFSD in the Linux kernel. Missing sanity may lead to a write beyond bmval[bmlen-1] in nfsd4_decode_bitmap4 in fs/nfsd/nfs4xdr.c. In this flaw… | |||
| CVE-2021-36133 | high | 7.1 | 7.1 | 5y ago | The OPTEE-OS CSU driver for NXP i.MX SoC devices lacks security access configuration for several models, resulting in TrustZone bypass because the NonSecure World can perform arbitrary memory read/wr… | |||
| CVE-2021-30952 | medium | — | 7.0 | 3mo ago | An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.2, macOS Monterey 12.1, Safari 15.2, iOS 15.2 and iPadOS 15.2, watchOS 8.3. Processing maliciously cra… | |||
| CVE-2021-1789 | medium | — | 7.0 | 4y ago | A type confusion issue was addressed with improved state handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.2, Security Update 2021-001 Catalina, Security Update 2021-001 Mojave, tvOS 14.4, watchOS 7.… | |||
| CVE-2021-30762 | medium | — | 7.0 | 5y ago | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 12.5.4. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is awar… | |||
| CVE-2021-30761 | medium | — | 7.0 | 5y ago | A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 12.5.4. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aw… | |||
| CVE-2021-1871 | medium | — | 7.0 | 5y ago | A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.2, Security Update 2021-001 Catalina, Security Update 2021-001 Mojave, iOS 14.4 and iPadOS 14.4. A remo… | |||
| CVE-2021-30858 | medium | — | 7.0 | 5y ago | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbit… | |||
| CVE-2021-30661 | medium | — | 7.0 | 5y ago | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 14.1, iOS 12.5.3, iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5, watchOS 7.4, tvOS 14.5, macOS Big Sur 11.3. Processing … | |||
| CVE-2021-30665 | medium | — | 7.0 | 5y ago | A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in watchOS 7.4.1, iOS 14.5.1 and iPadOS 14.5.1, tvOS 14.6, iOS 12.5.3, macOS Big Sur 11.3.1. Processing mal… | |||
| CVE-2021-30663 | medium | — | 7.0 | 5y ago | An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 14.5.1 and iPadOS 14.5.1, tvOS 14.6, iOS 12.5.3, Safari 14.1.1, macOS Big Sur 11.3.1. Processing malicious… | |||
| CVE-2021-27562 | medium | 5.5 | 7.0 | 5y ago | In Arm Trusted Firmware M through 1.2, the NS world may trigger a system halt, an overwrite of secure data, or the printing out of secure data when calling secure functions under the NSPE handler mod… | |||
| CVE-2021-30666 | medium | — | 7.0 | 5y ago | A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 12.5.3. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware… | |||
| CVE-2021-1870 | medium | — | 7.0 | 5y ago | A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.2, Security Update 2021-001 Catalina, Security Update 2021-001 Mojave, iOS 14.4 and iPadOS 14.4. A remo… | |||
| CVE-2021-41617 | high | 7.0 | 7.0 | 5y ago | sshd in OpenSSH 6.2 through 8.x before 8.8, when certain non-default configurations are used, allows privilege escalation because supplemental groups are not initialized as expected. Helper programs … | |||
| CVE-2021-21508 | medium | 6.7 | 6.7 | 16d ago | Dell VxRail versions before 7.0.200 contain a Plain-text Password Storage Vulnerability in VxRail Manager. A sys-admin user may exploit this vulnerability, leading to the disclosure of certain user c… | |||
| CVE-2021-44832 | medium | 6.6 | 6.6 | 5y ago | Apache Log4j2 versions 2.0-beta7 through 2.17.0 (excluding security fix releases 2.3.2 and 2.12.4) are vulnerable to a remote code execution (RCE) attack when a configuration uses a JDBC Appender wit… | |||
| CVE-2021-29447 | medium | — | 6.5 | — | Wordpress is an open source CMS. A user with the ability to upload files (like an Author) can exploit an XML parsing issue in the Media Library leading to XXE attacks. This requires WordPress install… | |||
| CVE-2021-3490 | medium | — | 6.5 | — | The eBPF ALU32 bounds tracking for bitwise ops (AND, OR and XOR) in the Linux kernel did not properly update 32-bit bounds, which could be turned into out of bounds reads and writes in the Linux kern… | |||
| CVE-2021-36438 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 1mo ago | SQL Injection vulnerability exists in Sourcecodester Online Job Portal phppdo 1.0 ivia the category parameter in /jobportal/index.php. | |||
| CVE-2021-47960 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 2mo ago | A files or directories accessible to external parties vulnerability in Synology SSL VPN Client before 1.4.5-0684 allows remote attackers to access files within the installation directory via a local … | |||
| CVE-2021-45478 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 3y ago | Improper Handling of Parameters vulnerability in Bordam Information Technologies Library Automation System allows Collect Data as Provided by Users. This issue affects Library Automation System: bef… | |||
| CVE-2021-45477 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 3y ago | Improper Handling of Parameters vulnerability in Bordam Information Technologies Library Automation System allows Collect Data as Provided by Users. This issue affects Library Automation System: bef… | |||
| CVE-2021-1721 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 4y ago | RHSA-2021:0476: dotnet5.0 security and bugfix update (Important) | |||
| CVE-2021-42293 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5y ago | Microsoft Jet Red Database Engine and Access Connectivity Engine Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability | |||
| CVE-2021-31807 | medium | — | 6.5 | 5y ago | RHSA-2021:4292: squid:4 security, bug fix, and enhancement update (Moderate) | |||
| CVE-2021-31806 | medium | — | 6.5 | 5y ago | RHSA-2021:4292: squid:4 security, bug fix, and enhancement update (Moderate) | |||
| CVE-2021-22791 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5y ago | A CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability that could cause a Denial of Service on the Modicon PLC controller / simulator when updating the controller application with a specially crafted project f… | |||
| CVE-2021-22790 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5y ago | A CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability that could cause a Denial of Service on the Modicon PLC controller / simulator when updating the controller application with a specially crafted project fi… | |||
| CVE-2021-22789 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5y ago | A CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability that could cause a Denial of Service on the Modicon PLC controller / simulator when updating the contr… | |||
| CVE-2021-21735 | medium | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5y ago | A ZTE product has an information leak vulnerability. Due to improper permission settings, an attacker with ordinary user permissions could exploit this vulnerability to obtain some sensitive user inf… | |||
| CVE-2021-47957 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 22d ago | Cookie Law Bar 1.2.1 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by submitting unsanitized input to the Bar Message field. Att… | |||
| CVE-2021-47968 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 23d ago | Podcast Generator 3.1 is vulnerable to persistent cross-site scripting, allowing authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by submitting unfiltered JavaScript code in the long_description p… | |||
| CVE-2021-47962 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 23d ago | Savsoft Quiz 5.0 contains a persistent cross-site scripting vulnerability in the user account settings page that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious HTML and JavaScript code. Attackers… | |||
| CVE-2021-47951 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | WordPress Picture Gallery 1.4.2 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts through the Edit Content URL field in the Access C… | |||
| CVE-2021-47950 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | Advanced Guestbook 2.4.4 contains a persistent cross-site scripting vulnerability in the smilies administration interface that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by manipulati… | |||
| CVE-2021-47947 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | Projectsend r1295 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by submitting crafted input in the 'name' parameter of files-edi… | |||
| CVE-2021-47931 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | Exponent CMS 2.6 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts through the Title and Text Block parameters in the text editing e… | |||
| CVE-2021-47929 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | Filterable Portfolio Gallery 1.0 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious JavaScript by entering payloads in the title field. Attac… | |||
| CVE-2021-47927 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | WordPress Plugin WP Symposium Pro 2021.10 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by exploiting insufficient sanitization … | |||
| CVE-2021-47926 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | Contact Form to Email 1.3.24 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by creating forms with script tags in the form name f… | |||
| CVE-2021-47925 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | CMDBuild 3.3.2 contains multiple stored cross-site scripting vulnerabilities that allow authenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via crafted input in card creation and file uplo… | |||
| CVE-2021-47924 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | Ultimate Product Catalogue 5.8.2 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts through the price parameter. Attackers can submit… | |||
| CVE-2021-47922 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | Slider by Soliloquy 2.6.2 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts through the title parameter. Attackers can add JavaScrip… | |||
| CVE-2021-47910 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | AccessPress Social Icons 1.8.2 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by entering JavaScript payloads into the 'icon titl… | |||
| CVE-2021-47907 | medium | 6.4 | 6.4 | 28d ago | Rocket LMS 1.1 contains a persistent cross-site scripting vulnerability in the support ticket module that allows authenticated users to inject malicious script code through the title parameter. Attac… | |||
| CVE-2021-47978 | medium | 6.2 | 6.2 | 22d ago | ProcessMaker 3.5.4 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by exploiting improper path traversal validation. Attackers can send req… | |||
| CVE-2021-47967 | medium | 6.1 | 6.1 | 23d ago | PHP Timeclock 1.04 contains multiple cross-site scripting vulnerabilities that allow unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary JavaScript by manipulating URL paths and POST parameters. Attackers … | |||
| CVE-2021-47836 | medium | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5mo ago | Markdown Explorer 0.1.1 contains a cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious code through file uploads and editor inputs. Attackers can upload markdown files with e… | |||
| CVE-2021-4195 | medium | 6.1 | 6.1 | 3y ago | Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Firmanet Software and Technology Customer Relation Manager allows XSS Targeting HTML Attributes. … | |||
| CVE-2021-44197 | medium | 6.1 | 6.1 | 3y ago | Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in UBIT Information Technologies Student Information Management System. This issue affects Student Informa… | |||
| CVE-2021-44196 | medium | 6.1 | 6.1 | 3y ago | Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in UBIT Information Technologies Student Information Management System. This issue affects Student Informa… | |||
| CVE-2021-40327 | medium | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5y ago | Trusted Firmware-M (TF-M) 1.4.0, when Profile Small is used, has incorrect access control. NSPE can access a secure key (held by the Crypto service) based solely on knowledge of its key ID. For examp… | |||
| CVE-2021-45105 | medium | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5y ago | Apache Log4j2 versions 2.0-alpha1 through 2.16.0 (excluding 2.12.3 and 2.3.1) did not protect from uncontrolled recursion from self-referential lookups. This allows an attacker with control over Thre… | |||
| CVE-2021-28511 | medium | 5.8 | 5.8 | 4y ago | This advisory documents the impact of an internally found vulnerability in Arista EOS for security ACL bypass. The impact of this vulnerability is that the security ACL drop rule might be bypassed if… | |||
| CVE-2021-30154 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | An issue was discovered in MediaWiki before 1.31.12 and 1.32.x through 1.35.x before 1.35.2. On Special:NewFiles, all the mediastatistics-header-* messages are output in HTML unescaped, leading to XS… | |||
| CVE-2021-21847 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Multiple exploitable integer overflow vulnerabilities exist within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input in “stts”… | |||
| CVE-2021-31211 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | arbitrary code execution in code | |||
| CVE-2021-20276 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | A flaw was found in privoxy before 3.0.32. Invalid memory access with an invalid pattern passed to pcre_compile() may lead to denial of service. | |||
| CVE-2021-21845 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Multiple exploitable integer overflow vulnerabilities exist within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input in “stsc”… | |||
| CVE-2021-21855 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Multiple exploitable integer overflow vulnerabilities exist within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input can cause… | |||
| CVE-2021-37600 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | An integer overflow in util-linux through 2.37.1 can potentially cause a buffer overflow if an attacker were able to use system resources in a way that leads to a large number in the /proc/sysvipc/se… | |||
| CVE-2021-3349 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | GNOME Evolution through 3.38.3 produces a "Valid signature" message for an unknown identifier on a previously trusted key because Evolution does not retrieve enough information from the GnuPG API. NO… | |||
| CVE-2021-21843 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Multiple exploitable integer overflow vulnerabilities exist within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input can cause… | |||
| CVE-2021-28972 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | In drivers/pci/hotplug/rpadlpar_sysfs.c in the Linux kernel through 5.11.8, the RPA PCI Hotplug driver has a user-tolerable buffer overflow when writing a new device name to the driver from userspace… | |||
| CVE-2021-3119 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Zetetic SQLCipher 4.x before 4.4.3 has a NULL pointer dereferencing issue related to sqlcipher_export in crypto.c and sqlite3StrICmp in sqlite3.c. This may allow an attacker to perform a remote denia… | |||
| CVE-2021-32269 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | An issue was discovered in gpac through 20200801. A NULL pointer dereference exists in the function ilst_item_box_dump located in box_dump.c. It allows an attacker to cause Denial of Service. | |||
| CVE-2021-21862 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Multiple exploitable integer truncation vulnerabilities exist within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input can cau… | |||
| CVE-2021-32136 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Heap buffer overflow in the print_udta function in MP4Box in GPAC 1.0.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via a crafted file. | |||
| CVE-2021-22563 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Invalid JPEG XL images using libjxl can cause an out of bounds access on a std::vector<std::vector<T>> when rendering splines. The OOB read access can either lead to a segfault, or rendering splines … | |||
| CVE-2021-3505 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | A flaw was found in libtpms in versions before 0.8.0. The TPM 2 implementation returns 2048 bit keys with ~1984 bit strength due to a bug in the TCG specification. The bug is in the key creation algo… | |||
| CVE-2021-21857 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Multiple exploitable integer overflow vulnerabilities exist within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input can cause… | |||
| CVE-2021-28302 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | A stack overflow in pupnp before version 1.14.5 can cause the denial of service through the Parser_parseDocument() function. ixmlNode_free() will release a child node recursively, which will consume … | |||
| CVE-2021-21839 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Multiple exploitable integer overflow vulnerabilities exist within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input can cause… | |||
| CVE-2021-21835 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | An exploitable integer overflow vulnerability exists within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input when decoding th… | |||
| CVE-2021-21856 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Multiple exploitable integer overflow vulnerabilities exist within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input can cause… | |||
| CVE-2021-38382 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | multiple issues in live-media | |||
| CVE-2021-22921 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Node.js before 16.4.1, 14.17.2, and 12.22.2 is vulnerable to local privilege escalation attacks under certain conditions on Windows platforms. More specifically, improper configuration of permissions… | |||
| CVE-2021-21837 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Multiple exploitable integer overflow vulnerabilities exist within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. A specially crafted MPEG-4 input can cause… | |||
| CVE-2021-37631 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | information disclosure in nextcloud-app-deck | |||
| CVE-2021-22567 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | multiple issues in dart | |||
| CVE-2021-22233 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | information disclosure in gitlab | |||
| CVE-2021-20246 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | A flaw was found in ImageMagick in MagickCore/resample.c. An attacker who submits a crafted file that is processed by ImageMagick could trigger undefined behavior in the form of math division by zero… | |||
| CVE-2021-20244 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | A flaw was found in ImageMagick in MagickCore/visual-effects.c. An attacker who submits a crafted file that is processed by ImageMagick could trigger undefined behavior in the form of math division b… | |||
| CVE-2021-32137 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Heap buffer overflow in the URL_GetProtocolType function in MP4Box in GPAC 1.0.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via a crafted file. | |||
| CVE-2021-32139 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | The gf_isom_vp_config_get function in GPAC 1.0.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) via a crafted file in the MP4Box command. | |||
| CVE-2021-1077 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Windows and Linux, R450 and R460 driver branch, contains a vulnerability where the software uses a reference count to manage a resource that is incorrectly updated, whic… | |||
| CVE-2021-35197 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | In MediaWiki before 1.31.15, 1.32.x through 1.35.x before 1.35.3, and 1.36.x before 1.36.1, bots have certain unintended API access. When a bot account has a "sitewide block" applied, it is able to s… | |||
| CVE-2021-38166 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | In kernel/bpf/hashtab.c in the Linux kernel through 5.13.8, there is an integer overflow and out-of-bounds write when many elements are placed in a single bucket. NOTE: exploitation might be impracti… | |||
| CVE-2021-30157 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | An issue was discovered in MediaWiki before 1.31.12 and 1.32.x through 1.35.x before 1.35.2. On ChangesList special pages such as Special:RecentChanges and Special:Watchlist, some of the rcfilters-fi… | |||
| CVE-2021-21848 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | An exploitable integer overflow vulnerability exists within the MPEG-4 decoding functionality of the GPAC Project on Advanced Content library v1.0.1. The library will actually reuse the parser for at… | |||
| CVE-2021-22172 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | information disclosure in gitlab | |||
| CVE-2021-4142 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | Moderate: Satellite 6.11 Release | |||
| CVE-2021-32606 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | In the Linux kernel 5.11 through 5.12.2, isotp_setsockopt in net/can/isotp.c allows privilege escalation to root by leveraging a use-after-free. (This does not affect earlier versions that lack CAN I… | |||
| CVE-2021-30155 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | An issue was discovered in MediaWiki before 1.31.12 and 1.32.x through 1.35.x before 1.35.2. ContentModelChange does not check if a user has correct permissions to create and set the content model of… | |||
| CVE-2021-3896 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | arbitrary code execution in linux | |||
| CVE-2021-37220 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | MuPDF through 1.18.1 has an out-of-bounds write because the cached color converter does not properly consider the maximum key size of a hash table. This can, for example, be seen with crafted "mutool… | |||
| CVE-2021-32440 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | The Media_RewriteODFrame function in GPAC 1.0.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference) via a crafted file in the MP4Box command. | |||
| CVE-2021-44543 | medium | — | 5.5 | — | An XSS vulnerability was found in Privoxy which was fixed in cgi_error_no_template() by encode the template name when Privoxy is configured to servce the user-manual itself. |