CVEs from 2023
Total
6,100
critical
critical 240
high
high 1,530
medium
medium 1,393
low
low 32
% Critical
3.9%
% with KEV
2.7%
% with exploit
3.5%
Top products
- office 29
- office_long_term_servicing_channel 15
- 365_apps 14
- ftmg-esr50sxx 8
- ftmg-esn40sxx 8
- ftmg-esd25axx 8
- ftmg-esr40sxx 8
- ftmg-esd15axx 8
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | Risk | Flags | OS | Vendor | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2023-53827 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix use-after-free in l2cap_disconnect_{req,rsp} Similar to commit d0be8347c623 ("Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix use-aft… | |||
| CVE-2023-53828 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_sync: Avoid use-after-free in dbg for hci_add_adv_monitor() KSAN reports use-after-free in hci_add_adv_monitor(). … | |||
| CVE-2023-53830 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: platform/x86: think-lmi: Fix memory leak when showing current settings When retriving a item string with tlmi_setting(), the resu… | |||
| CVE-2023-53837 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm: fix NULL-deref on snapshot tear down In case of early initialisation errors and on platforms that do not use the DPU con… | |||
| CVE-2023-53839 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dccp: fix data-race around dp->dccps_mss_cache dccp_sendmsg() reads dp->dccps_mss_cache before locking the socket. Same thing in … | |||
| CVE-2023-53840 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: early: xhci-dbc: Fix a potential out-of-bound memory access If xdbc_bulk_write() fails, the values in 'buf' can be anything.… | |||
| CVE-2023-53846 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to do sanity check on direct node in truncate_dnode() syzbot reports below bug: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in f2f… | |||
| CVE-2023-53845 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: fix infinite loop in nilfs_mdt_get_block() If the disk image that nilfs2 mounts is corrupted and a virtual block address … | |||
| CVE-2023-53854 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: mediatek: mt8186: Fix use-after-free in driver remove path When devm runs function in the "remove" path for a device it run… | |||
| CVE-2023-53988 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/ntfs3: Fix slab-out-of-bounds read in hdr_delete_de() Here is a BUG report from syzbot: BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in hdr… | |||
| CVE-2023-53855 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: dsa: ocelot: call dsa_tag_8021q_unregister() under rtnl_lock() on driver remove When the tagging protocol in current use is … | |||
| CVE-2023-53856 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: of: overlay: Call of_changeset_init() early When of_overlay_fdt_apply() fails, the changeset may be partially applied, and the ca… | |||
| CVE-2023-53864 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/mxsfb: Disable overlay plane in mxsfb_plane_overlay_atomic_disable() When disabling overlay plane in mxsfb_plane_overlay_atom… | |||
| CVE-2023-54075 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: mediatek: common: Fix refcount leak in parse_dai_link_info Add missing of_node_put()s before the returns to balance of_node… | |||
| CVE-2023-54084 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: firewire-digi00x: prevent potential use after free This code was supposed to return an error code if init_stream() failed, … | |||
| CVE-2023-54077 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/ntfs3: Fix memory leak if ntfs_read_mft failed Label ATTR_ROOT in ntfs_read_mft() sets is_root = true and ni->ni_flags |= NI_F… | |||
| CVE-2023-54079 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: power: supply: bq27xxx: Fix poll_interval handling and races on remove Before this patch bq27xxx_battery_teardown() was setting p… | |||
| CVE-2023-54087 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ubi: Fix possible null-ptr-deref in ubi_free_volume() It willl cause null-ptr-deref in the following case: uif_init() ubi_add_… | |||
| CVE-2023-54109 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: rcar_fdp1: Fix refcount leak in probe and remove function rcar_fcp_get() take reference, which should be balanced with rca… | |||
| CVE-2023-54125 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/ntfs3: Return error for inconsistent extended attributes ntfs_read_ea is called when we want to read extended attributes. Ther… | |||
| CVE-2023-54128 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs: drop peer group ids under namespace lock When cleaning up peer group ids in the failure path we need to make sure to hold on … | |||
| CVE-2023-54099 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs: Protect reconfiguration of sb read-write from racing writes The reconfigure / remount code takes a lot of effort to protect f… | |||
| CVE-2023-54101 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: driver: soc: xilinx: use _safe loop iterator to avoid a use after free The hash_for_each_possible() loop dereferences "eve_data" … | |||
| CVE-2023-54105 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: isotp: check CAN address family in isotp_bind() Add missing check to block non-AF_CAN binds. Syzbot created some code which… | |||
| CVE-2023-54207 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: HID: uclogic: Correct devm device reference for hidinput input_dev name Reference the HID device rather than the input device for… | |||
| CVE-2023-54213 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: USB: sisusbvga: Add endpoint checks The syzbot fuzzer was able to provoke a WARNING from the sisusbvga driver: ------------[ cut… | |||
| CVE-2023-54209 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: block: fix blktrace debugfs entries leakage Commit 99d055b4fd4b ("block: remove per-disk debugfs files in blk_unregister_queue") … | |||
| CVE-2023-54211 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracing: Fix warning in trace_buffered_event_disable() Warning happened in trace_buffered_event_disable() at WARN_ON_ONCE(!trac… | |||
| CVE-2023-54224 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: fix lockdep splat and potential deadlock after failure running delayed items When running delayed items we are holding a d… | |||
| CVE-2023-54222 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hte: tegra-194: Fix off by one in tegra_hte_map_to_line_id() The "map_sz" is the number of elements in the "m" array so the > com… | |||
| CVE-2023-54225 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ipa: only reset hashed tables when supported Last year, the code that manages GSI channel transactions switched from using s… | |||
| CVE-2023-54226 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: af_unix: Fix data races around sk->sk_shutdown. KCSAN found a data race around sk->sk_shutdown where unix_release_sock() and unix… | |||
| CVE-2023-54228 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: regulator: raa215300: Fix resource leak in case of error The clk_register_clkdev() allocates memory by calling vclkdev_alloc() an… | |||
| CVE-2023-54240 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ethernet: mtk_eth_soc: fix possible NULL pointer dereference in mtk_hwlro_get_fdir_all() rule_locs is allocated in ethtool_g… | |||
| CVE-2023-54231 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: libwx: fix memory leak in wx_setup_rx_resources When wx_alloc_page_pool() failed in wx_setup_rx_resources(), it doesn't rele… | |||
| CVE-2023-54243 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ebtables: fix table blob use-after-free We are not allowed to return an error at this point. Looking at the code it lo… | |||
| CVE-2023-54307 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ptp_qoriq: fix memory leak in probe() Smatch complains that: drivers/ptp/ptp_qoriq.c ptp_qoriq_probe() warn: 'base' from ioremap(… | |||
| CVE-2023-54310 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: message: mptlan: Fix use after free bug in mptlan_remove() due to race condition mptlan_probe() calls mpt_register_lan_devi… | |||
| CVE-2023-54315 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: powerpc/powernv/sriov: perform null check on iov before dereferencing iov Currently pointer iov is being dereferenced before the … | |||
| CVE-2023-6111 | unknown | — | — | — | A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component can be exploited to achieve local privilege escalation. The function nft_trans_gc_catchall did not remove the catc… | |||
| CVE-2023-6039 | unknown | — | — | — | A use-after-free flaw was found in lan78xx_disconnect in drivers/net/usb/lan78xx.c in the network sub-component, net/usb/lan78xx in the Linux Kernel. This flaw allows a local attacker to crash the sy… | |||
| CVE-2023-6238 | unknown | — | — | — | A buffer overflow vulnerability was found in the NVM Express (NVMe) driver in the Linux kernel. Only privileged user could specify a small meta buffer and let the device perform larger Direct Memory … | |||
| CVE-2023-6560 | unknown | — | — | — | An out-of-bounds memory access flaw was found in the io_uring SQ/CQ rings functionality in the Linux kernel. This issue could allow a local user to crash the system. | |||
| CVE-2023-7122 | unknown | — | — | — | ||||
| CVE-2023-26437 | unknown | — | — | — | Denial of service vulnerability in PowerDNS Recursor allows authoritative servers to be marked unavailable.This issue affects Recursor: through 4.6.5, through 4.7.4 , through 4.8.3. | |||
| CVE-2023-22617 | unknown | — | — | — | A remote attacker might be able to cause infinite recursion in PowerDNS Recursor 4.8.0 via a DNS query that retrieves DS records for a misconfigured domain, because QName minimization is used in QM f… | |||
| CVE-2023-1234 | unknown | — | — | — | Inappropriate implementation in Intents in Google Chrome on Android prior to 111.0.5563.64 allowed a remote attacker to perform domain spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: L… | |||
| CVE-2023-53986 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mips: bmips: BCM6358: disable RAC flush for TP1 RAC flush causes kernel panics on BCM6358 with EHCI/OHCI when booting from TP1: [… | |||
| CVE-2023-53829 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: flush inode if atomic file is aborted Let's flush the inode being aborted atomic operation to avoid stale dirty inode durin… | |||
| CVE-2023-53342 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: marvell: prestera: fix handling IPv4 routes with nhid Fix handling IPv4 routes referencing a nexthop via its id by replacing… | |||
| CVE-2023-52484 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/arm-smmu-v3: Fix soft lockup triggered by arm_smmu_mm_invalidate_range When running an SVA case, the following soft lockup … | |||
| CVE-2023-52487 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5e: Fix peer flow lists handling The cited change refactored mlx5e_tc_del_fdb_peer_flow() to only clear DUP flag when list… | |||
| CVE-2023-52738 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amdgpu/fence: Fix oops due to non-matching drm_sched init/fini Currently amdgpu calls drm_sched_fini() from the fence driver … | |||
| CVE-2023-52701 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: use a bounce buffer for copying skb->mark syzbot found arm64 builds would crash in sock_recv_mark() when CONFIG_HARDENED_USE… | |||
| CVE-2023-52912 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amdgpu: Fixed bug on error when unloading amdgpu Fixed bug on error when unloading amdgpu. The error message is as follows: … | |||
| CVE-2023-53236 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommufd: Do not corrupt the pfn list when doing batch carry If batch->end is 0 then setting npfns[0] before computing the new val… | |||
| CVE-2023-54116 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/fbdev-generic: prohibit potential out-of-bounds access The fbdev test of IGT may write after EOF, which lead to out-of-bound … | |||
| CVE-2023-53538 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: insert tree mod log move in push_node_left There is a fairly unlikely race condition in tree mod log rewind that can resul… | |||
| CVE-2023-54177 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: quota: fix warning in dqgrab() There's issue as follows when do fault injection: WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 14870 at include/linux/quot… | |||
| CVE-2023-2940 | unknown | — | — | — | Inappropriate implementation in Downloads in Google Chrome prior to 114.0.5735.90 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass file access restrictions via a cr… | |||
| CVE-2023-3738 | unknown | — | — | — | Inappropriate implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome prior to 115.0.5790.98 allowed a remote attacker to obfuscate security UI via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium) | |||
| CVE-2023-5218 | unknown | — | — | — | Use after free in Site Isolation in Google Chrome prior to 118.0.5993.70 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critica… | |||
| CVE-2023-52446 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix a race condition between btf_put() and map_free() When running `./test_progs -j` in my local vm with latest kernel, I on… | |||
| CVE-2023-45935 | unknown | — | — | — | Qt 6 through 6.6 was discovered to contain a NULL pointer dereference via the function QXcbConnection::initializeAllAtoms(). NOTE: this is disputed because it is not expected that an X application sh… | |||
| CVE-2023-53583 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: perf: RISC-V: Remove PERF_HES_STOPPED flag checking in riscv_pmu_start() Since commit 096b52fd2bb4 ("perf: RISC-V: throttle perf … | |||
| CVE-2023-25512 | unknown | — | — | — | NVIDIA CUDA toolkit for Linux and Windows contains a vulnerability in cuobjdump, where an attacker may cause an out-of-bounds memory read by running cuobjdump on a malformed input file. A successful … | |||
| CVE-2023-54051 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: do not allow gso_size to be set to GSO_BY_FRAGS One missing check in virtio_net_hdr_to_skb() allowed syzbot to crash kernels… | |||
| CVE-2023-54181 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix issue in verifying allow_ptr_leaks After we converted the capabilities of our networking-bpf program from cap_sys_admin … | |||
| CVE-2023-54183 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: v4l2-core: Fix a potential resource leak in v4l2_fwnode_parse_link() If fwnode_graph_get_remote_endpoint() fails, 'fwnode'… | |||
| CVE-2023-54232 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: m68k: Only force 030 bus error if PC not in exception table __get_kernel_nofault() does copy data in supervisor mode when forcing… | |||
| CVE-2023-54247 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Silence a warning in btf_type_id_size() syzbot reported a warning in [1] with the following stacktrace: WARNING: CPU: 0 PI… | |||
| CVE-2023-54272 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/ntfs3: Fix a possible null-pointer dereference in ni_clear() In a previous commit c1006bd13146, ni->mi.mrec in ni_write_inode(… | |||
| CVE-2023-54277 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fbdev: udlfb: Fix endpoint check The syzbot fuzzer detected a problem in the udlfb driver, caused by an endpoint not having the e… | |||
| CVE-2023-54279 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: MIPS: fw: Allow firmware to pass a empty env fw_getenv will use env entry to determine style of env, however it is legal for firm… | |||
| CVE-2023-6200 | unknown | — | — | — | A race condition was found in the Linux Kernel. Under certain conditions, an unauthenticated attacker from an adjacent network could send an ICMPv6 router advertisement packet, causing arbitrary code… | |||
| CVE-2023-6270 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the ATA over Ethernet (AoE) driver in the Linux kernel. The aoecmd_cfg_pkts() function improperly updates the refcnt on `struct net_device`, and a use-after-free can be triggered … | |||
| CVE-2023-38060 | unknown | — | — | — | Improper Input Validation vulnerability in the ContentType parameter for attachments on TicketCreate or TicketUpdate operations of the OTRS Generic Interface modules allows any authenticated attacke… | |||
| CVE-2023-42114 | unknown | — | — | — | Exim NTLM Challenge Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Exim. Authentica… | |||
| CVE-2023-42115 | unknown | — | — | — | Exim AUTH Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Exim. Authentication is not requir… | |||
| CVE-2023-42116 | unknown | — | — | — | Exim SMTP Challenge Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Exim. Authentica… | |||
| CVE-2023-42117 | unknown | — | — | — | Exim Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Exim. Authentic… | |||
| CVE-2023-42119 | unknown | — | — | — | Exim dnsdb Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Exim. Authentic… | |||
| CVE-2023-51766 | unknown | — | — | — | Exim before 4.97.1 allows SMTP smuggling in certain PIPELINING/CHUNKING configurations. Remote attackers can use a published exploitation technique to inject e-mail messages with a spoofed MAIL FROM … | |||
| CVE-2023-1193 | unknown | — | — | — | A use-after-free flaw was found in setup_async_work in the KSMBD implementation of the in-kernel samba server and CIFS in the Linux kernel. This issue could allow an attacker to crash the system by a… | |||
| CVE-2023-1990 | unknown | — | — | — | A use-after-free flaw was found in ndlc_remove in drivers/nfc/st-nci/ndlc.c in the Linux Kernel. This flaw could allow an attacker to crash the system due to a race problem. | |||
| CVE-2023-2007 | unknown | — | — | — | The specific flaw exists within the DPT I2O Controller driver. The issue results from the lack of proper locking when performing operations on an object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction … | |||
| CVE-2023-22996 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.17.2, drivers/soc/qcom/qcom_aoss.c does not release an of_find_device_by_node reference after use, e.g., with put_device. | |||
| CVE-2023-22999 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.16.3, drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-qcom.c misinterprets the dwc3_qcom_create_urs_usb_platdev return value (expects it to be NULL in the error case, whereas it is actually an err… | |||
| CVE-2023-23002 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.16.3, drivers/bluetooth/hci_qca.c misinterprets the devm_gpiod_get_index_optional return value (expects it to be NULL in the error case, whereas it is actually an error p… | |||
| CVE-2023-23003 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.16, tools/perf/util/expr.c lacks a check for the hashmap__new return value. | |||
| CVE-2023-23004 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.19, drivers/gpu/drm/arm/malidp_planes.c misinterprets the get_sg_table return value (expects it to be NULL in the error case, whereas it is actually an error pointer). | |||
| CVE-2023-23005 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 6.2, mm/memory-tiers.c misinterprets the alloc_memory_type return value (expects it to be NULL in the error case, whereas it is actually an error pointer). NOTE: this is di… | |||
| CVE-2023-23006 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel before 5.15.13, drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/steering/dr_domain.c misinterprets the mlx5_get_uars_page return value (expects it to be NULL in the error case, whereas it… | |||
| CVE-2023-2430 | unknown | — | — | — | A vulnerability was found due to missing lock for IOPOLL flaw in io_cqring_event_overflow() in io_uring.c in Linux Kernel. This flaw allows a local attacker with user privilege to trigger a Denial of… | |||
| CVE-2023-34319 | unknown | — | — | — | The fix for XSA-423 added logic to Linux'es netback driver to deal with a frontend splitting a packet in a way such that not all of the headers would come in one piece. Unfortunately the logic intro… | |||
| CVE-2023-35829 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.3.2. A use-after-free was found in rkvdec_remove in drivers/staging/media/rkvdec/rkvdec.c. | |||
| CVE-2023-37454 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 6.4.2. A crafted UDF filesystem image causes a use-after-free write operation in the udf_put_super and udf_close_lvid functions in fs/udf/super.c. … | |||
| CVE-2023-38430 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.3.9. ksmbd does not validate the SMB request protocol ID, leading to an out-of-bounds read. | |||
| CVE-2023-0128 | unknown | — | — | — | Use after free in Overview Mode in Google Chrome on Chrome OS prior to 109.0.5414.74 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap c… | |||
| CVE-2023-0129 | unknown | — | — | — | Heap buffer overflow in Network Service in Google Chrome prior to 109.0.5414.74 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to potentially exploit heap corruption via a … |