CVEs from 2023
Total
6,100
critical
critical 240
high
high 1,530
medium
medium 1,393
low
low 32
% Critical
3.9%
% with KEV
2.7%
% with exploit
3.5%
Top products
- office 29
- office_long_term_servicing_channel 15
- 365_apps 14
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- ftmg-esn40sxx 8
- ftmg-esd25axx 8
- ftmg-esr40sxx 8
- ftmg-esd15axx 8
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | Risk | Flags | OS | Vendor | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2023-53529 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw88: Fix memory leak in rtw88_usb Kmemleak shows the following leak arising from routine in the usb probe routine: unref… | |||
| CVE-2023-53111 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: loop: Fix use-after-free issues do_req_filebacked() calls blk_mq_complete_request() synchronously or asynchronously when using as… | |||
| CVE-2023-53533 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Input: raspberrypi-ts - fix refcount leak in rpi_ts_probe rpi_firmware_get() take reference, we need to release it in error paths… | |||
| CVE-2023-53534 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/mediatek: mtk_drm_crtc: Add checks for devm_kcalloc As the devm_kcalloc may return NULL, the return value needs to be checked… | |||
| CVE-2023-53535 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: bcmgenet: Add a check for oversized packets Occasionnaly we may get oversized packets from the hardware which exceed the nom… | |||
| CVE-2023-53537 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to avoid use-after-free for cached IPU bio xfstest generic/019 reports a bug: kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:1619! RIP: 00… | |||
| CVE-2023-53540 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: cfg80211: reject auth/assoc to AP with our address If the AP uses our own address as its MLD address or BSSID, then clearly… | |||
| CVE-2023-53541 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mtd: rawnand: brcmnand: Fix potential out-of-bounds access in oob write When the oob buffer length is not in multiple of words, t… | |||
| CVE-2023-53630 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommufd: Fix unpinning of pages when an access is present syzkaller found that the calculation of batch_last_index should use 'st… | |||
| CVE-2023-53631 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: platform/x86: dell-sysman: Fix reference leak If a duplicate attribute is found using kset_find_obj(), a reference to that attrib… | |||
| CVE-2023-53637 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: i2c: ov772x: Fix memleak in ov772x_probe() A memory leak was reported when testing ov772x with bpf mock device: Assertion… | |||
| CVE-2023-53638 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: octeon_ep: cancel queued works in probe error path If it fails to get the devices's MAC address, octep_probe exits while leaving … | |||
| CVE-2023-53651 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Input: exc3000 - properly stop timer on shutdown We need to stop the timer on driver unbind or probe failures, otherwise we get U… | |||
| CVE-2023-53684 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: Zero padding when dumping algos and encap When copying data to user-space we should ensure that only valid data is copied o… | |||
| CVE-2023-53080 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xsk: Add missing overflow check in xdp_umem_reg The number of chunks can overflow u32. Make sure to return -EINVAL on overflow. A… | |||
| CVE-2023-53676 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: target: iscsi: Fix buffer overflow in lio_target_nacl_info_show() The function lio_target_nacl_info_show() uses sprintf() i… | |||
| CVE-2023-53082 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vp_vdpa: fix the crash in hot unplug with vp_vdpa While unplugging the vp_vdpa device, it triggers a kernel panic The root cause … | |||
| CVE-2023-53796 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix information leak in f2fs_move_inline_dirents() When converting an inline directory to a regular one, f2fs is leaking un… | |||
| CVE-2023-53799 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: api - Use work queue in crypto_destroy_instance The function crypto_drop_spawn expects to be called in process context. … | |||
| CVE-2023-53802 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: ath9k: htc_hst: free skb in ath9k_htc_rx_msg() if there is no callback function It is stated that ath9k_htc_rx_msg() either… | |||
| CVE-2023-53800 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ubi: Fix use-after-free when volume resizing failed There is an use-after-free problem reported by KASAN: =====================… | |||
| CVE-2023-53807 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: clk: clocking-wizard: Fix Oops in clk_wzrd_register_divider() Smatch detected this potential error pointer dereference clk_wzrd_r… | |||
| CVE-2023-53801 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/sprd: Release dma buffer to avoid memory leak When attaching to a domain, the driver would alloc a DMA buffer which is used… | |||
| CVE-2023-53825 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: kcm: Fix error handling for SOCK_DGRAM in kcm_sendmsg(). syzkaller found a memory leak in kcm_sendmsg(), and commit c821a88bd720 … | |||
| CVE-2023-53818 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ARM: zynq: Fix refcount leak in zynq_early_slcr_init of_find_compatible_node() returns a node pointer with refcount incremented, … | |||
| CVE-2023-53815 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: posix-timers: Prevent RT livelock in itimer_delete() itimer_delete() has a retry loop when the timer is concurrently expired. On … | |||
| CVE-2023-53822 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: ath11k: Ignore frags from uninitialized peer in dp. When max virtual ap interfaces are configured in all the bands with ACS… | |||
| CVE-2023-53826 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ubi: Fix UAF wear-leveling entry in eraseblk_count_seq_show() Wear-leveling entry could be freed in error path, which may be acce… | |||
| CVE-2023-53827 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix use-after-free in l2cap_disconnect_{req,rsp} Similar to commit d0be8347c623 ("Bluetooth: L2CAP: Fix use-aft… | |||
| CVE-2023-53828 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_sync: Avoid use-after-free in dbg for hci_add_adv_monitor() KSAN reports use-after-free in hci_add_adv_monitor(). … | |||
| CVE-2023-53830 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: platform/x86: think-lmi: Fix memory leak when showing current settings When retriving a item string with tlmi_setting(), the resu… | |||
| CVE-2023-54039 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: j1939: j1939_tp_tx_dat_new(): fix out-of-bounds memory access In the j1939_tp_tx_dat_new() function, an out-of-bounds memory… | |||
| CVE-2023-54056 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: kheaders: Use array declaration instead of char Under CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE, memcpy() will check the size of destination and sour… | |||
| CVE-2023-54044 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: spmi: Add a check for remove callback when removing a SPMI driver When removing a SPMI driver, there can be a crash due to NULL p… | |||
| CVE-2023-54045 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: audit: fix possible soft lockup in __audit_inode_child() Tracefs or debugfs maybe cause hundreds to thousands of PATH records, to… | |||
| CVE-2023-54046 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: crypto: essiv - Handle EBUSY correctly As it is essiv only handles the special return value of EINPROGERSS, which means that in a… | |||
| CVE-2023-54047 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/rockchip: dw_hdmi: cleanup drm encoder during unbind This fixes a use-after-free crash during rmmod. The DRM encoder is embe… | |||
| CVE-2023-54065 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: dsa: realtek: fix out-of-bounds access The probe function sets priv->chip_data to (void *)priv + sizeof(*priv) with the expe… | |||
| CVE-2023-54049 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rpmsg: glink: Add check for kstrdup Add check for the return value of kstrdup() and return the error if it fails in order to avoi… | |||
| CVE-2023-54050 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ubifs: Fix memleak when insert_old_idx() failed Following process will cause a memleak for copied up znode: dirty_cow_znode zn… | |||
| CVE-2023-54058 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: firmware: arm_ffa: Check if ffa_driver remove is present before executing Currently ffa_drv->remove() is called unconditionally f… | |||
| CVE-2023-54059 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: soc: mediatek: mtk-svs: Enable the IRQ later If the system does not come from reset (like when is booted via kexec()), the periph… | |||
| CVE-2023-54068 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: compress: fix to call f2fs_wait_on_page_writeback() in f2fs_write_raw_pages() BUG_ON() will be triggered when writing files… | |||
| CVE-2023-54063 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/ntfs3: Fix OOB read in indx_insert_into_buffer Syzbot reported a OOB read bug: BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in indx_insert_… | |||
| CVE-2023-54075 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: mediatek: common: Fix refcount leak in parse_dai_link_info Add missing of_node_put()s before the returns to balance of_node… | |||
| CVE-2023-54084 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: firewire-digi00x: prevent potential use after free This code was supposed to return an error code if init_stream() failed, … | |||
| CVE-2023-54077 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/ntfs3: Fix memory leak if ntfs_read_mft failed Label ATTR_ROOT in ntfs_read_mft() sets is_root = true and ni->ni_flags |= NI_F… | |||
| CVE-2023-54079 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: power: supply: bq27xxx: Fix poll_interval handling and races on remove Before this patch bq27xxx_battery_teardown() was setting p… | |||
| CVE-2023-54087 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ubi: Fix possible null-ptr-deref in ubi_free_volume() It willl cause null-ptr-deref in the following case: uif_init() ubi_add_… | |||
| CVE-2023-54109 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: rcar_fdp1: Fix refcount leak in probe and remove function rcar_fcp_get() take reference, which should be balanced with rca… | |||
| CVE-2023-54125 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs/ntfs3: Return error for inconsistent extended attributes ntfs_read_ea is called when we want to read extended attributes. Ther… | |||
| CVE-2023-54128 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs: drop peer group ids under namespace lock When cleaning up peer group ids in the failure path we need to make sure to hold on … | |||
| CVE-2023-54099 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fs: Protect reconfiguration of sb read-write from racing writes The reconfigure / remount code takes a lot of effort to protect f… | |||
| CVE-2023-54101 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: driver: soc: xilinx: use _safe loop iterator to avoid a use after free The hash_for_each_possible() loop dereferences "eve_data" … | |||
| CVE-2023-54105 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: isotp: check CAN address family in isotp_bind() Add missing check to block non-AF_CAN binds. Syzbot created some code which… | |||
| CVE-2023-21255 | unknown | — | — | — | In multiple functions of binder.c, there is a possible memory corruption due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User… | |||
| CVE-2023-54107 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: blk-cgroup: dropping parent refcount after pd_free_fn() is done Some cgroup policies will access parent pd through child pd even … | |||
| CVE-2023-54111 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pinctrl: rockchip: Fix refcount leak in rockchip_pinctrl_parse_groups of_find_node_by_phandle() returns a node pointer with refco… | |||
| CVE-2023-54222 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hte: tegra-194: Fix off by one in tegra_hte_map_to_line_id() The "map_sz" is the number of elements in the "m" array so the > com… | |||
| CVE-2023-54225 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ipa: only reset hashed tables when supported Last year, the code that manages GSI channel transactions switched from using s… | |||
| CVE-2023-54226 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: af_unix: Fix data races around sk->sk_shutdown. KCSAN found a data race around sk->sk_shutdown where unix_release_sock() and unix… | |||
| CVE-2023-54228 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: regulator: raa215300: Fix resource leak in case of error The clk_register_clkdev() allocates memory by calling vclkdev_alloc() an… | |||
| CVE-2023-54240 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ethernet: mtk_eth_soc: fix possible NULL pointer dereference in mtk_hwlro_get_fdir_all() rule_locs is allocated in ethtool_g… | |||
| CVE-2023-54231 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: libwx: fix memory leak in wx_setup_rx_resources When wx_alloc_page_pool() failed in wx_setup_rx_resources(), it doesn't rele… | |||
| CVE-2023-54243 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ebtables: fix table blob use-after-free We are not allowed to return an error at this point. Looking at the code it lo… | |||
| CVE-2023-46569 | unknown | — | — | — | An out-of-bounds read in radare2 v.5.8.9 and before exists in the print_insn32_fpu function of libr/arch/p/nds32/nds32-dis.h. | |||
| CVE-2023-54249 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bus: mhi: ep: Only send -ENOTCONN status if client driver is available For the STOP and RESET commands, only send the channel dis… | |||
| CVE-2023-54252 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: platform/x86: think-lmi: Fix memory leaks when parsing ThinkStation WMI strings My previous commit introduced a memory leak where… | |||
| CVE-2023-54258 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cifs: fix potential oops in cifs_oplock_break With deferred close we can have closes that race with lease breaks, and so with the… | |||
| CVE-2023-54266 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: dvb-usb: m920x: Fix a potential memory leak in m920x_i2c_xfer() 'read' is freed when it is known to be NULL, but not when … | |||
| CVE-2023-26437 | unknown | — | — | — | Denial of service vulnerability in PowerDNS Recursor allows authoritative servers to be marked unavailable.This issue affects Recursor: through 4.6.5, through 4.7.4 , through 4.8.3. | |||
| CVE-2023-22617 | unknown | — | — | — | A remote attacker might be able to cause infinite recursion in PowerDNS Recursor 4.8.0 via a DNS query that retrieves DS records for a misconfigured domain, because QName minimization is used in QM f… | |||
| CVE-2023-1234 | unknown | — | — | — | Inappropriate implementation in Intents in Google Chrome on Android prior to 111.0.5563.64 allowed a remote attacker to perform domain spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: L… | |||
| CVE-2023-4355 | unknown | — | — | — | Out of bounds memory access in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 116.0.5845.96 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High) | |||
| CVE-2023-53986 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mips: bmips: BCM6358: disable RAC flush for TP1 RAC flush causes kernel panics on BCM6358 with EHCI/OHCI when booting from TP1: [… | |||
| CVE-2023-52778 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mptcp: deal with large GSO size After the blamed commit below, the TCP sockets (and the MPTCP subflows) can build egress packets … | |||
| CVE-2023-52582 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Only call folio_start_fscache() one time for each folio If a network filesystem using netfs implements a clamp_length() fu… | |||
| CVE-2023-52577 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dccp: fix dccp_v4_err()/dccp_v6_err() again dh->dccph_x is the 9th byte (offset 8) in "struct dccp_hdr", not in the "byte 7" as J… | |||
| CVE-2023-52701 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: use a bounce buffer for copying skb->mark syzbot found arm64 builds would crash in sock_recv_mark() when CONFIG_HARDENED_USE… | |||
| CVE-2023-52745 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: IB/IPoIB: Fix legacy IPoIB due to wrong number of queues The cited commit creates child PKEY interfaces over netlink will multipl… | |||
| CVE-2023-52886 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: USB: core: Fix race by not overwriting udev->descriptor in hub_port_init() Syzbot reported an out-of-bounds read in sysfs.c:read_… | |||
| CVE-2023-46303 | unknown | — | — | — | link_to_local_path in ebooks/conversion/plugins/html_input.py in calibre before 6.19.0 can, by default, add resources outside of the document root. | |||
| CVE-2023-54116 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/fbdev-generic: prohibit potential out-of-bounds access The fbdev test of IGT may write after EOF, which lead to out-of-bound … | |||
| CVE-2023-53500 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: fix slab-use-after-free in decode_session6 When the xfrm device is set to the qdisc of the sfb type, the cb field of the se… | |||
| CVE-2023-53699 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: move memblock_allow_resize() after linear mapping is ready The initial memblock metadata is accessed from kernel image map… | |||
| CVE-2023-53686 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/handshake: fix null-ptr-deref in handshake_nl_done_doit() We should not call trace_handshake_cmd_done_err() if socket lookup … | |||
| CVE-2023-53692 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: fix use-after-free read in ext4_find_extent for bigalloc + inline Syzbot found the following issue: loop0: detected capacit… | |||
| CVE-2023-47480 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue in Pure Data 0.54-0 and fixed in 0.54-1 allows a local attacker to escalate privileges via the set*id () function. | |||
| CVE-2023-52506 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: LoongArch: Set all reserved memblocks on Node#0 at initialization After commit 61167ad5fecdea ("mm: pass nid to reserve_bootmem_r… | |||
| CVE-2023-52446 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix a race condition between btf_put() and map_free() When running `./test_progs -j` in my local vm with latest kernel, I on… | |||
| CVE-2023-54257 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: macb: fix a memory corruption in extended buffer descriptor mode For quite some time we were chasing a bug which looked like… | |||
| CVE-2023-54180 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: handle case when repair happens with dev-replace [BUG] There is a bug report that a BUG_ON() in btrfs_repair_io_failure() … | |||
| CVE-2023-3745 | unknown | — | — | — | A heap-based buffer overflow issue was found in ImageMagick's PushCharPixel() function in quantum-private.h. This issue may allow a local attacker to trick the user into opening a specially crafted f… | |||
| CVE-2023-34475 | unknown | — | — | — | A heap use after free issue was discovered in ImageMagick's ReplaceXmpValue() function in MagickCore/profile.c. An attacker could trick user to open a specially crafted file to convert, triggering an… | |||
| CVE-2023-53742 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: kcsan: Avoid READ_ONCE() in read_instrumented_memory() Haibo Li reported: | Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual a… | |||
| CVE-2023-53455 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/vc4: drop all currently held locks if deadlock happens If vc4_hdmi_reset_link() returns -EDEADLK, it means that a deadlock ha… | |||
| CVE-2023-53286 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/mlx5: Return the firmware result upon destroying QP/RQ Previously when destroying a QP/RQ, the result of the firmware destru… | |||
| CVE-2023-53583 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: perf: RISC-V: Remove PERF_HES_STOPPED flag checking in riscv_pmu_start() Since commit 096b52fd2bb4 ("perf: RISC-V: throttle perf … | |||
| CVE-2023-53231 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: Fix detection of atomic context Current check for atomic context is not sufficient as z_erofs_decompressqueue_endio can be… | |||
| CVE-2023-52435 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: prevent mss overflow in skb_segment() Once again syzbot is able to crash the kernel in skb_segment() [1] GSO_BY_FRAGS is a … |