CVEs from 2018
Total
2,856
critical
critical 238
high
high 331
medium
medium 263
low
low 39
% Critical
8.3%
% with KEV
3.1%
% with exploit
9.1%
Top vendors
- intel 1,561
- schneider-electric 43
- siemens 42
- rockwellautomation 16
- echelon 15
- redhat 12
- oracle 9
- arm 9
Top products
- core_i7 379
- core_i5 375
- core_i3 242
- xeon_e5 82
- xeon_e7 62
- xeon_e3 58
- xeon_gold 33
- atom_z 30
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | Risk | Flags | OS | Vendor | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2018-8414 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Shell does not properly validate file paths. | |||
| CVE-2018-8373 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the scripting engine handles objects in memory in Internet Explorer. | |||
| CVE-2018-0156 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the Smart Install feature of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a reload of an affected device, resulting in a … | |||
| CVE-2018-0155 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) offload implementation of Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series Switches and Cisco Catalyst 4500-X Series Switches could allow an unauthenticated,… | |||
| CVE-2018-0167 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | There is a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software, Cisco IOS XE Software, and Cisco IOS XR Software which could allow an unauthentic… | |||
| CVE-2018-0161 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software running on certain models of Cisco Catalyst Switches could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to … | |||
| CVE-2018-0151 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the quality of service (QoS) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition … | |||
| CVE-2018-0158 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the implementation of Internet Key Exchange Version 1 (IKEv1) functionality in Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause… | |||
| CVE-2018-0159 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the implementation of Internet Key Exchange Version 1 (IKEv1) functionality in Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause… | |||
| CVE-2018-0173 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software function that restores encapsulated option 82 information in DHCP Version 4 (DHCPv4) packets can allow for denial-of-service (DoS). | |||
| CVE-2018-8581 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in Microsoft Exchange Server. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could attempt to impersonate any other user of the Exchange server. | |||
| CVE-2018-0154 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the crypto engine of the Cisco Integrated Services Module for VPN (ISM-VPN) running Cisco IOS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial-of-service … | |||
| CVE-2018-0175 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | Format string vulnerability in the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software, Cisco IOS XE Software, and Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent atta… | |||
| CVE-2018-0179 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the Login Enhancements (Login Block) feature of Cisco IOS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a reload of an affected system, resulting in a denial … | |||
| CVE-2018-0180 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the Login Enhancements (Login Block) feature of Cisco IOS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a reload of an affected system, resulting in a denial … | |||
| CVE-2018-0172 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the DHCP option 82 encapsulation functionality of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow for denial-of-service (DoS). | |||
| CVE-2018-0174 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the DHCP option 82 encapsulation functionality of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow for denial-of-service (DoS). | |||
| CVE-2018-13383 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | A heap buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiOS and FortiProxy may cause the SSL VPN web service termination for logged in users. | |||
| CVE-2018-4939 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Adobe ColdFusion contains a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability that could allow for code execution. | |||
| CVE-2018-14558 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Tenda AC7, AC9, and AC10 devices contain a command injection vulnerability due to the "formsetUsbUnload" function executes a dosystemCmd function with untrusted input. Successful exploitation allows… | |||
| CVE-2018-8653 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Microsoft Internet Explorer contains a memory corruption vulnerability due to how the Scripting Engine handles objects in memory, leading to remote code execution. | |||
| CVE-2018-0802 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Microsoft Office contains a memory corruption vulnerability due to the way objects are handled in memory. Successful exploitation allows for remote code execution in the context of the current user. … | |||
| CVE-2018-0798 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Microsoft Office contains a memory corruption vulnerability due to the way objects are handled in memory. Successful exploitation allows for remote code execution in the context of the current user. … | |||
| CVE-2018-1273 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 8y ago | Spring Data Commons contains a property binder vulnerability which can allow an attacker to perform remote code execution. | |||
| CVE-2018-4314 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4328 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4312 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4089 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.2.5 is affected. macOS before 10.13.3 is affected. Safari before 11.0.3 is affected. tvOS before 11.2.5 is affected. The issue involve… | |||
| CVE-2018-12293 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | The getImageData function in the ImageBufferCairo class in WebCore/platform/graphics/cairo/ImageBufferCairo.cpp in WebKit, as used in WebKitGTK+ prior to version 2.20.3 and WPE WebKit prior to versio… | |||
| CVE-2018-4315 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4200 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3.1 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-4317 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4323 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-11508 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | The compat_get_timex function in kernel/compat.c in the Linux kernel before 4.16.9 allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory via adjtimex. | |||
| CVE-2018-4318 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-6871 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | LibreOffice before 5.4.5 and 6.x before 6.0.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via =WEBSERVICE calls in a document, which use the COM.MICROSOFT.WEBSERVICE function. | |||
| CVE-2018-16323 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | ReadXBMImage in coders/xbm.c in ImageMagick before 7.0.8-9 leaves data uninitialized when processing an XBM file that has a negative pixel value. If the affected code is used as a library loaded into… | |||
| CVE-2018-12904 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c in the Linux kernel before 4.17.2, when nested virtualization is used, local attackers could cause L1 KVM guests to VMEXIT, potentially allowing privilege escalations and denial… | |||
| CVE-2018-13458 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | qh_core in Nagios Core 4.4.1 and earlier is prone to a NULL pointer dereference vulnerability, which allows attackers to cause a local denial-of-service condition by sending a crafted payload to the … | |||
| CVE-2018-11412 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In the Linux kernel 4.13 through 4.16.11, ext4_read_inline_data() in fs/ext4/inline.c performs a memcpy with an untrusted length value in certain circumstances involving a crafted filesystem that sto… | |||
| CVE-2018-4306 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-13441 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | qh_help in Nagios Core version 4.4.1 and earlier is prone to a NULL pointer dereference vulnerability, which allows attacker to cause a local denial-of-service condition by sending a crafted payload … | |||
| CVE-2018-18955 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In the Linux kernel 4.15.x through 4.19.x before 4.19.2, map_write() in kernel/user_namespace.c allows privilege escalation because it mishandles nested user namespaces with more than 5 UID or GID ra… | |||
| CVE-2018-13457 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | qh_echo in Nagios Core 4.4.1 and earlier is prone to a NULL pointer dereference vulnerability, which allows attackers to cause a local denial-of-service condition by sending a crafted payload to the … | |||
| CVE-2018-7273 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In the Linux kernel through 4.15.4, the floppy driver reveals the addresses of kernel functions and global variables using printk calls within the function show_floppy in drivers/block/floppy.c. An a… | |||
| CVE-2018-5333 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In the Linux kernel through 4.14.13, the rds_cmsg_atomic function in net/rds/rdma.c mishandles cases where page pinning fails or an invalid address is supplied, leading to an rds_atomic_free_op NULL … | |||
| CVE-2018-4218 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-1160 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Netatalk before 3.1.12 is vulnerable to an out of bounds write in dsi_opensess.c. This is due to lack of bounds checking on attacker controlled data. A remote unauthenticated attacker can leverage th… | |||
| CVE-2018-4382 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, tvOS 12.1, watchOS 5.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Window… | |||
| CVE-2018-4197 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4162 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4222 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-4192 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-12617 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | qmp_guest_file_read in qga/commands-posix.c and qga/commands-win32.c in qemu-ga (aka QEMU Guest Agent) in QEMU 2.12.50 has an integer overflow causing a g_malloc0() call to trigger a segmentation fau… | |||
| CVE-2018-4441 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2, Safari 12.0.2, iTunes 12.9.2 for Windows, iCloud f… | |||
| CVE-2018-4443 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2, Safari 12.0.2, iTunes 12.9.2 for Windows, iCloud f… | |||
| CVE-2018-4442 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2, Safari 12.0.2, iTunes 12.9.2 for Windows, iCloud f… | |||
| CVE-2018-4438 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A logic issue existed resulting in memory corruption. This was addressed with improved state management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2, Safari 12.0.2, i… | |||
| CVE-2018-4416 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, tvOS 12.1, watchOS 5.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Window… | |||
| CVE-2018-4386 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, tvOS 12.1, watchOS 5.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Window… | |||
| CVE-2018-11646 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | webkitFaviconDatabaseSetIconForPageURL and webkitFaviconDatabaseSetIconURLForPageURL in UIProcess/API/glib/WebKitFaviconDatabase.cpp in WebKit, as used in WebKitGTK+ through 2.21.3, mishandle an unse… | |||
| CVE-2018-10583 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An information disclosure vulnerability occurs when LibreOffice 6.0.3 and Apache OpenOffice Writer 4.1.5 automatically process and initiate an SMB connection embedded in a malicious file, as demonstr… | |||
| CVE-2018-16509 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Artifex Ghostscript before 9.24. Incorrect "restoration of privilege" checking during handling of /invalidaccess exceptions could be used by attackers able to supply crafte… | |||
| CVE-2018-4233 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-4121 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-1306 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 4y ago | Exposure of Sensitive Information in Apache Pluto | |||
| CVE-2018-8718 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 4y ago | Cross-Site Request Forgery in Jenkins Mailer Plugin | |||
| CVE-2018-10054 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 4y ago | Improper Input Validation in Datomic | |||
| CVE-2018-11770 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 8y ago | org.apache.spark:spark-core_2.10 and org.apache.spark:spark-core_2.11 Improper Authentication vulnerability | |||
| CVE-2018-1321 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 8y ago | High severity vulnerability that affects org.apache.syncope:syncope-core | |||
| CVE-2018-1322 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 8y ago | Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor in Apache syncope-cope | |||
| CVE-2018-1335 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 8y ago | Command injection in org.apache.tika:tika-core | |||
| CVE-2018-1087 | unknown | — | — | — | kernel KVM before versions kernel 4.16, kernel 4.16-rc7, kernel 4.17-rc1, kernel 4.17-rc2 and kernel 4.17-rc3 is vulnerable to a flaw in the way the Linux kernel's KVM hypervisor handled exceptions d… | |||
| CVE-2018-4271 | unknown | — | — | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved input validation. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 11.4.1, tvOS 11.4.1, watchOS 4.3.2, Safari 11.1.2, iTunes 12.8 for Windows, … | |||
| CVE-2018-4272 | unknown | — | — | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 11.4.1, tvOS 11.4.1, watchOS 4.3.2, Safari 11.1.2, iTunes 12.8 for Windows, i… | |||
| CVE-2018-4376 | unknown | — | — | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, watchOS 5.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Windows 7.8. | |||
| CVE-2018-5103 | unknown | — | — | — | A use-after-free vulnerability can occur during mouse event handling due to issues with multiprocess support. This results in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird <… | |||
| CVE-2018-16846 | unknown | — | — | — | It was found in Ceph versions before 13.2.4 that authenticated ceph RGW users can cause a denial of service against OMAPs holding bucket indices. | |||
| CVE-2018-12320 | unknown | — | — | — | There is a use after free in radare2 2.6.0 in r_anal_bb_free() in libr/anal/bb.c via a crafted Java binary file. | |||
| CVE-2018-5124 | unknown | — | — | — | Unsanitized output in the browser UI leaves HTML tags in place and can result in arbitrary code execution in Firefox before version 58.0.1. | |||
| CVE-2018-19478 | unknown | — | — | — | In Artifex Ghostscript before 9.26, a carefully crafted PDF file can trigger an extremely long running computation when parsing the file. | |||
| CVE-2018-4375 | unknown | — | — | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, watchOS 5.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Windows 7.8. | |||
| CVE-2018-5148 | unknown | — | — | — | A use-after-free vulnerability can occur in the compositor during certain graphics operations when a raw pointer is used instead of a reference counted one. This results in a potentially exploitable … | |||
| CVE-2018-20749 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before 0.9.12 contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in libvncserver/rfbserver.c. The fix for CVE-2018-15127 was incomplete. | |||
| CVE-2018-13098 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in fs/f2fs/inode.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3. A denial of service (slab out-of-bounds read and BUG) can occur for a modified f2fs filesystem image in which FI_EXTRA_A… | |||
| CVE-2018-20460 | unknown | — | — | — | In radare2 prior to 3.1.2, the parseOperands function in libr/asm/arch/arm/armass64.c allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service (application crash caused by stack-based buffer overflow) by crafti… | |||
| CVE-2018-12368 | unknown | — | — | — | Windows 10 does not warn users before opening executable files with the SettingContent-ms extension even when they have been downloaded from the internet and have the "Mark of the Web." Without the w… | |||
| CVE-2018-5748 | unknown | — | — | — | qemu/qemu_monitor.c in libvirt allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a large QEMU reply. | |||
| CVE-2018-1064 | unknown | — | — | — | libvirt version before 4.2.0-rc1 is vulnerable to a resource exhaustion as a result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2018-5748 that affects QEMU monitor but now also triggered via QEMU guest agent. | |||
| CVE-2018-6764 | unknown | — | — | — | util/virlog.c in libvirt does not properly determine the hostname on LXC container startup, which allows local guest OS users to bypass an intended container protection mechanism and execute arbitrar… | |||
| CVE-2018-11763 | unknown | — | — | — | In Apache HTTP Server 2.4.17 to 2.4.34, by sending continuous, large SETTINGS frames a client can occupy a connection, server thread and CPU time without any connection timeout coming to effect. This… | |||
| CVE-2018-15127 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before commit 502821828ed00b4a2c4bef90683d0fd88ce495de contains heap out-of-bound write vulnerability in server code of file transfer extension that can result remote code execution | |||
| CVE-2018-15126 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before commit 73cb96fec028a576a5a24417b57723b55854ad7b contains heap use-after-free vulnerability in server code of file transfer extension that can result remote code execution | |||
| CVE-2018-20019 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before commit a83439b9fbe0f03c48eb94ed05729cb016f8b72f contains multiple heap out-of-bound write vulnerabilities in VNC client code that can result remote code execution | |||
| CVE-2018-20024 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before commit 4a21bbd097ef7c44bb000c3bd0907f96a10e4ce7 contains null pointer dereference in VNC client code that can result DoS. | |||
| CVE-2018-20022 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before 2f5b2ad1c6c99b1ac6482c95844a84d66bb52838 contains multiple weaknesses CWE-665: Improper Initialization vulnerability in VNC client code that allows attacker to read stack memory and can… | |||
| CVE-2018-20750 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC through 0.9.12 contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in libvncserver/rfbserver.c. The fix for CVE-2018-15127 was incomplete. | |||
| CVE-2018-6307 | unknown | — | — | — | LibVNC before commit ca2a5ac02fbbadd0a21fabba779c1ea69173d10b contains heap use-after-free vulnerability in server code of file transfer extension that can result remote code execution. | |||
| CVE-2018-18245 | unknown | — | — | — | Nagios Core 4.4.2 has XSS via the alert summary reports of plugin results, as demonstrated by a SCRIPT element delivered by a modified check_load plugin to NRPE. | |||
| CVE-2018-10861 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in the way ceph mon handles user requests. Any authenticated ceph user having read access to ceph can delete, create ceph storage pools and corrupt snapshot images. Ceph branches mas… |