CVEs from 2018
Total
2,853
critical
critical 238
high
high 331
medium
medium 263
low
low 39
% Critical
8.3%
% with KEV
3.1%
% with exploit
9.1%
Top vendors
- intel 1,561
- schneider-electric 43
- siemens 42
- rockwellautomation 16
- echelon 15
- redhat 12
- oracle 9
- arm 9
Top products
- core_i7 379
- core_i5 375
- core_i3 242
- xeon_e5 82
- xeon_e7 62
- xeon_e3 58
- xeon_gold 33
- atom_z 30
| CVE | Severity | CVSS | Risk | Flags | OS | Vendor | Published | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2018-0151 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the quality of service (QoS) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition … | |||
| CVE-2018-0167 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | There is a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software, Cisco IOS XE Software, and Cisco IOS XR Software which could allow an unauthentic… | |||
| CVE-2018-0175 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | Format string vulnerability in the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) subsystem of Cisco IOS Software, Cisco IOS XE Software, and Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent atta… | |||
| CVE-2018-0172 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the DHCP option 82 encapsulation functionality of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow for denial-of-service (DoS). | |||
| CVE-2018-0174 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the DHCP option 82 encapsulation functionality of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow for denial-of-service (DoS). | |||
| CVE-2018-0158 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the implementation of Internet Key Exchange Version 1 (IKEv1) functionality in Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause… | |||
| CVE-2018-0156 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the Smart Install feature of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a reload of an affected device, resulting in a … | |||
| CVE-2018-0155 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) offload implementation of Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series Switches and Cisco Catalyst 4500-X Series Switches could allow an unauthenticated,… | |||
| CVE-2018-0154 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 4y ago | A vulnerability in the crypto engine of the Cisco Integrated Services Module for VPN (ISM-VPN) running Cisco IOS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial-of-service … | |||
| CVE-2018-13383 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | A heap buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiOS and FortiProxy may cause the SSL VPN web service termination for logged in users. | |||
| CVE-2018-14558 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Tenda AC7, AC9, and AC10 devices contain a command injection vulnerability due to the "formsetUsbUnload" function executes a dosystemCmd function with untrusted input. Successful exploitation allows… | |||
| CVE-2018-4939 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Adobe ColdFusion contains a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability that could allow for code execution. | |||
| CVE-2018-0798 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Microsoft Office contains a memory corruption vulnerability due to the way objects are handled in memory. Successful exploitation allows for remote code execution in the context of the current user. … | |||
| CVE-2018-8653 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Microsoft Internet Explorer contains a memory corruption vulnerability due to how the Scripting Engine handles objects in memory, leading to remote code execution. | |||
| CVE-2018-0802 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 5y ago | Microsoft Office contains a memory corruption vulnerability due to the way objects are handled in memory. Successful exploitation allows for remote code execution in the context of the current user. … | |||
| CVE-2018-1273 | unknown | — | 1.5 | 8y ago | Spring Data Commons contains a property binder vulnerability which can allow an attacker to perform remote code execution. | |||
| CVE-2018-4218 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-4192 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-6871 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | LibreOffice before 5.4.5 and 6.x before 6.0.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via =WEBSERVICE calls in a document, which use the COM.MICROSOFT.WEBSERVICE function. | |||
| CVE-2018-4162 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-4442 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2, Safari 12.0.2, iTunes 12.9.2 for Windows, iCloud f… | |||
| CVE-2018-16509 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in Artifex Ghostscript before 9.24. Incorrect "restoration of privilege" checking during handling of /invalidaccess exceptions could be used by attackers able to supply crafte… | |||
| CVE-2018-13458 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | qh_core in Nagios Core 4.4.1 and earlier is prone to a NULL pointer dereference vulnerability, which allows attackers to cause a local denial-of-service condition by sending a crafted payload to the … | |||
| CVE-2018-4441 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2, Safari 12.0.2, iTunes 12.9.2 for Windows, iCloud f… | |||
| CVE-2018-12617 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | qmp_guest_file_read in qga/commands-posix.c and qga/commands-win32.c in qemu-ga (aka QEMU Guest Agent) in QEMU 2.12.50 has an integer overflow causing a g_malloc0() call to trigger a segmentation fau… | |||
| CVE-2018-18955 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In the Linux kernel 4.15.x through 4.19.x before 4.19.2, map_write() in kernel/user_namespace.c allows privilege escalation because it mishandles nested user namespaces with more than 5 UID or GID ra… | |||
| CVE-2018-12293 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | The getImageData function in the ImageBufferCairo class in WebCore/platform/graphics/cairo/ImageBufferCairo.cpp in WebKit, as used in WebKitGTK+ prior to version 2.20.3 and WPE WebKit prior to versio… | |||
| CVE-2018-4386 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, tvOS 12.1, watchOS 5.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Window… | |||
| CVE-2018-11646 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | webkitFaviconDatabaseSetIconForPageURL and webkitFaviconDatabaseSetIconURLForPageURL in UIProcess/API/glib/WebKitFaviconDatabase.cpp in WebKit, as used in WebKitGTK+ through 2.21.3, mishandle an unse… | |||
| CVE-2018-4416 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, tvOS 12.1, watchOS 5.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Window… | |||
| CVE-2018-4438 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A logic issue existed resulting in memory corruption. This was addressed with improved state management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2, Safari 12.0.2, i… | |||
| CVE-2018-4443 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1.1, tvOS 12.1.1, watchOS 5.1.2, Safari 12.0.2, iTunes 12.9.2 for Windows, iCloud f… | |||
| CVE-2018-7273 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In the Linux kernel through 4.15.4, the floppy driver reveals the addresses of kernel functions and global variables using printk calls within the function show_floppy in drivers/block/floppy.c. An a… | |||
| CVE-2018-4382 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12.1, tvOS 12.1, watchOS 5.1, Safari 12.0.1, iTunes 12.9.1, iCloud for Window… | |||
| CVE-2018-10583 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An information disclosure vulnerability occurs when LibreOffice 6.0.3 and Apache OpenOffice Writer 4.1.5 automatically process and initiate an SMB connection embedded in a malicious file, as demonstr… | |||
| CVE-2018-4312 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-16323 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | ReadXBMImage in coders/xbm.c in ImageMagick before 7.0.8-9 leaves data uninitialized when processing an XBM file that has a negative pixel value. If the affected code is used as a library loaded into… | |||
| CVE-2018-12904 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c in the Linux kernel before 4.17.2, when nested virtualization is used, local attackers could cause L1 KVM guests to VMEXIT, potentially allowing privilege escalations and denial… | |||
| CVE-2018-4222 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-4328 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-13457 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | qh_echo in Nagios Core 4.4.1 and earlier is prone to a NULL pointer dereference vulnerability, which allows attackers to cause a local denial-of-service condition by sending a crafted payload to the … | |||
| CVE-2018-4089 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.2.5 is affected. macOS before 10.13.3 is affected. Safari before 11.0.3 is affected. tvOS before 11.2.5 is affected. The issue involve… | |||
| CVE-2018-4318 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4314 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4121 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.4 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.4 on Windows is affected. … | |||
| CVE-2018-1160 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Netatalk before 3.1.12 is vulnerable to an out of bounds write in dsi_opensess.c. This is due to lack of bounds checking on attacker controlled data. A remote unauthenticated attacker can leverage th… | |||
| CVE-2018-4306 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-11412 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In the Linux kernel 4.13 through 4.16.11, ext4_read_inline_data() in fs/ext4/inline.c performs a memcpy with an untrusted length value in certain circumstances involving a crafted filesystem that sto… | |||
| CVE-2018-11508 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | The compat_get_timex function in kernel/compat.c in the Linux kernel before 4.16.9 allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel memory via adjtimex. | |||
| CVE-2018-4200 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.3.1 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-4197 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4233 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. Safari before 11.1.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before 12.7.5 on Windows is affected… | |||
| CVE-2018-13441 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | qh_help in Nagios Core version 4.4.1 and earlier is prone to a NULL pointer dereference vulnerability, which allows attacker to cause a local denial-of-service condition by sending a crafted payload … | |||
| CVE-2018-5333 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | In the Linux kernel through 4.14.13, the rds_cmsg_atomic function in net/rds/rdma.c mishandles cases where page pinning fails or an invalid address is supplied, leading to an rds_atomic_free_op NULL … | |||
| CVE-2018-4323 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4317 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-4315 | unknown | — | 1.0 | — | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 12, tvOS 12, Safari 12, iTunes 12.9 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 7.7. | |||
| CVE-2018-1306 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 4y ago | Exposure of Sensitive Information in Apache Pluto | |||
| CVE-2018-8718 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 4y ago | Cross-Site Request Forgery in Jenkins Mailer Plugin | |||
| CVE-2018-10054 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 4y ago | Improper Input Validation in Datomic | |||
| CVE-2018-11770 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 8y ago | org.apache.spark:spark-core_2.10 and org.apache.spark:spark-core_2.11 Improper Authentication vulnerability | |||
| CVE-2018-1321 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 8y ago | High severity vulnerability that affects org.apache.syncope:syncope-core | |||
| CVE-2018-1322 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 8y ago | Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor in Apache syncope-cope | |||
| CVE-2018-1335 | unknown | — | 1.0 | 8y ago | Command injection in org.apache.tika:tika-core | |||
| CVE-2018-7443 | unknown | — | — | — | The ReadTIFFImage function in coders/tiff.c in ImageMagick 7.0.7-23 Q16 does not properly validate the amount of image data in a file, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memo… | |||
| CVE-2018-9133 | unknown | — | — | — | ImageMagick 7.0.7-26 Q16 has excessive iteration in the DecodeLabImage and EncodeLabImage functions (coders/tiff.c), which results in a hang (tens of minutes) with a tiny PoC file. Remote attackers c… | |||
| CVE-2018-16790 | unknown | — | — | — | _bson_iter_next_internal in bson-iter.c in libbson 1.12.0, as used in MongoDB mongo-c-driver and other products, has a heap-based buffer over-read via a crafted bson buffer. | |||
| CVE-2018-15910 | unknown | — | — | — | In Artifex Ghostscript before 9.24, attackers able to supply crafted PostScript files could use a type confusion in the LockDistillerParams parameter to crash the interpreter or execute code. | |||
| CVE-2018-16510 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in Artifex Ghostscript before 9.24. Incorrect exec stack handling in the "CS" and "SC" PDF primitives could be used by remote attackers able to supply crafted PDFs to crash th… | |||
| CVE-2018-16511 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in Artifex Ghostscript before 9.24. A type confusion in "ztype" could be used by remote attackers able to supply crafted PostScript to crash the interpreter or possibly have u… | |||
| CVE-2018-5137 | unknown | — | — | — | A legacy extension's non-contentaccessible, defined resources can be loaded by an arbitrary web page through script. This script does this by using a maliciously crafted path string to reference the … | |||
| CVE-2018-5136 | unknown | — | — | — | A shared worker created from a "data:" URL in one tab can be shared by another tab with a different origin, bypassing the same-origin policy. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 59. | |||
| CVE-2018-12040 | unknown | — | — | — | Reflected Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the web profiler in SensioLabs Symfony 3.3.6 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the "file" parameter, aka an _pro… | |||
| CVE-2018-5134 | unknown | — | — | — | WebExtensions may use "view-source:" URLs to view local "file:" URL content, as well as content stored in "about:cache", bypassing restrictions that only allow WebExtensions to view specific content.… | |||
| CVE-2018-14432 | unknown | — | — | — | In the Federation component of OpenStack Keystone before 11.0.4, 12.0.0, and 13.0.0, an authenticated "GET /v3/OS-FEDERATION/projects" request may bypass intended access restrictions on listing proje… | |||
| CVE-2018-16889 | unknown | — | — | — | Ceph does not properly sanitize encryption keys in debug logging for v4 auth. This results in the leaking of encryption key information in log files via plaintext. Versions up to v13.2.4 are vulnerab… | |||
| CVE-2018-8099 | unknown | — | — | — | Incorrect returning of an error code in the index.c:read_entry() function leads to a double free in libgit2 before v0.26.2, which allows an attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted reposit… | |||
| CVE-2018-10887 | unknown | — | — | — | A flaw was found in libgit2 before version 0.27.3. It has been discovered that an unexpected sign extension in git_delta_apply function in delta.c file may lead to an integer overflow which in turn l… | |||
| CVE-2018-15501 | unknown | — | — | — | In ng_pkt in transports/smart_pkt.c in libgit2 before 0.26.6 and 0.27.x before 0.27.4, a remote attacker can send a crafted smart-protocol "ng" packet that lacks a '\0' byte to trigger an out-of-boun… | |||
| CVE-2018-8098 | unknown | — | — | — | Integer overflow in the index.c:read_entry() function while decompressing a compressed prefix length in libgit2 before v0.26.2 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via… | |||
| CVE-2018-5117 | unknown | — | — | — | If right-to-left text is used in the addressbar with left-to-right alignment, it is possible in some circumstances to scroll this text to spoof the displayed URL. This issue could result in the wrong… | |||
| CVE-2018-4204 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 11.4 is affected. iOS before 11.3.1 is affected. Safari before 11.1 is affected. iCloud before 7.5 on Windows is affected. iTunes before … | |||
| CVE-2018-5133 | unknown | — | — | — | If the "app.support.baseURL" preference is changed by a malicious local program to contain HTML and script content, this content is not sanitized. It will be executed if a user loads "chrome://browse… | |||
| CVE-2018-4267 | unknown | — | — | — | Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling. This issue affected versions prior to iOS 11.4.1, tvOS 11.4.1, Safari 11.1.2, iTunes 12.8 for Windows, iCloud for Windo… | |||
| CVE-2018-4278 | unknown | — | — | — | In Safari before 11.1.2, iTunes before 12.8 for Windows, iOS before 11.4.1, tvOS before 11.4.1, iCloud for Windows before 7.6, sound fetched through audio elements may be exfiltrated cross-origin. Th… | |||
| CVE-2018-5135 | unknown | — | — | — | WebExtensions can bypass normal restrictions in some circumstances and use "browser.tabs.executeScript" to inject scripts into contexts where this should not be allowed, such as pages from other WebE… | |||
| CVE-2018-20699 | unknown | — | — | — | Docker Engine before 18.09 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (dockerd memory consumption) via a large integer in a --cpuset-mems or --cpuset-cpus value, related to daemon/daemon_unix.go, … | |||
| CVE-2018-5131 | unknown | — | — | — | Under certain circumstances the "fetch()" API can return transient local copies of resources that were sent with a "no-store" or "no-cache" cache header instead of downloading a copy from the network… | |||
| CVE-2018-14767 | unknown | — | — | — | In Kamailio before 5.0.7 and 5.1.x before 5.1.4, a crafted SIP message with a double "To" header and an empty "To" tag causes a segmentation fault and crash. The reason is missing input validation in… | |||
| CVE-2018-5130 | unknown | — | — | — | When packets with a mismatched RTP payload type are sent in WebRTC connections, in some circumstances a potentially exploitable crash is triggered. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 52.7 and F… | |||
| CVE-2018-5132 | unknown | — | — | — | The Find API for WebExtensions can search some privileged pages, such as "about:debugging", if these pages are open in a tab. This could allow a malicious WebExtension to search for otherwise protect… | |||
| CVE-2018-5122 | unknown | — | — | — | A potential integer overflow in the "DoCrypt" function of WebCrypto was identified. If a means was found of exploiting it, it could result in an out-of-bounds write. This vulnerability affects Firefo… | |||
| CVE-2018-5128 | unknown | — | — | — | A use-after-free vulnerability can occur when manipulating elements, events, and selection ranges during editor operations. This results in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects… | |||
| CVE-2018-1084 | unknown | — | — | — | corosync before version 2.4.4 is vulnerable to an integer overflow in exec/totemcrypto.c. | |||
| CVE-2018-5121 | unknown | — | — | — | Low descenders on some Tibetan characters in several fonts on OS X are clipped when rendered in the addressbar. When used as part of an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) this can be used for domain… | |||
| CVE-2018-11410 | unknown | — | — | — | An issue was discovered in Liblouis 3.5.0. A invalid free in the compileRule function in compileTranslationTable.c allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly… | |||
| CVE-2018-5119 | unknown | — | — | — | The reader view will display cross-origin content when CORS headers are set to prohibit the loading of cross-origin content by a site. This could allow access to content that should be restricted in … | |||
| CVE-2018-5118 | unknown | — | — | — | The screenshot images displayed in the Activity Stream page displayed when a new tab is opened is created from the meta tags of websites. An issue was discovered where the page could attempt to creat… | |||
| CVE-2018-5093 | unknown | — | — | — | A heap buffer overflow vulnerability may occur in WebAssembly during Memory/Table resizing, resulting in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 58. | |||
| CVE-2018-15911 | unknown | — | — | — | In Artifex Ghostscript 9.23 before 2018-08-24, attackers able to supply crafted PostScript could use uninitialized memory access in the aesdecode operator to crash the interpreter or potentially exec… |